Nanoparticles are new tools to fight against cancer and other diseases.

"Fluorescence microscopy image showing FuOXP-siRNA nanoparticles (red) effectively taken up by mouse colon cancer cells. Cell nuclei appear as blue circles. Credit: Chen et al., 2022, Nature Nanotechnology, 10.1038/s41565-022-01266-2" (ScitechDaily.com/Cancer-Fighting Nanoparticles: A New Weapon in the Fight Against Disease)

Nanoparticles are effective tools for many missions. They can use to clean blood from toxins. In that case, nano-size carbon bites will inject into blood vessels. And they will reduce carbon from carbon compounds. The idea is that carbon will break toxic molecules that involve carbon. And nanoparticles can also operate as medicine that destroys cancer cells. 

Nanoparticles can use in medical work in four ways. 

*Nanoparticles can destroy cells themselves. 

*Nanoparticles can mark wanted cells for the immune system for destruction.

*Nanoparticles can transport highly toxic chemicals to cells. 

* Artificial DNA or RNA can be the next-generation medicine. And nanomachines can transport it to the cells. 

*Nanomachines can simply carry DNA or RNA bite that orders the cell to make suicide. 

*Nanomachines can also transport the artificial DNA or RNA that programs the cell to create toxins. Like, some acids that destroy its protein membrane. 

Nanoparticles like fullerene bites or nanotubes are excellent tools for acting as medicine. The problem is, how to make those things travel to the right cells and destroy them. If the nanotube hits the cell it can simply lock the ion pump open. 

Or it can just carry some enzyme to the cell's core, and then that enzyme will break the cell membrane. One of the versions of the nanomachines that can make that kind of thing is the extremely long protein fiber. 

Two very small rolls transform this protein into an extremely small caterpillar track. This thing allows it can move in blood vessels. And then if there is a connected nutrient molecule that the targeted cells are using. The nanomachine will slip inside those cancer cells. 

And then it will turn straight. Because another roll is pushing and another is pulling each other that thing causes the protein will fill the cell or destroy the ion pumps.  

Or that nanomachine is put in the carrier chamber, which releases it into the cell. The two-layer protein makes it possible to use that nano-caterpillar as the transportation capsule. The outer layer of the protein can mark wanted cells for the immune system. And inner layer can involve medical chemicals. 

There is also the possibility that the hollow protein tubes are transporting poisons like ricin into the targeted cells. Ricin is an extremely poisonous chemical. It should be useful against cancer. But the problem is how to transport ricin to the right cells. And there must be a system that transports dead cells away from the body. 

When that protein will travel through the ion pump it can mark the cell for macrophages. And then the protein core releases ricin in the cell. 

There are visions that this kind of nano-tracks can use as medical transporters. That is put on the skin. The idea is that the electrolytic reaction makes those rolls rotate, and then that nano-caterpillar tunnels itself into the body. That protein might have two layers. 

The outer layer tunnels the nanomachine through the skin. The chemical reaction destroys the protective chemicals. And then the system releases medicine into the body. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cancer-fighting-nanoparticles-a-new-weapon-in-the-fight-against-disease/