The new theory about the origin of the universe.

"A radical new theory rethinks how the Universe began, using only gravity and quantum physics, no speculative fields or assumptions required. If confirmed, it could reshape our understanding of cosmic origins. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rewriting Physics Textbooks: Scientists Propose a Bold New Theory About the Universe’s Origins)

The material, or particles, can form wave movement. And wave movement can form from particles. We can call energy a wave movement, and material a condensed form of energy. But the problem with the origin of the universe is that material or energy cannot form from emptiness. If there were some kind of particle cloud where particles vaporized into the wave movement, the crossing points of those waves could form particles. The key elements in this new theory are De Sitter Space and De Sitter Universe. 

"De Sitter space is the maximally symmetric vacuum solution of Einstein's field equations in which the cosmological constant is positive (corresponding to a positive vacuum energy density and negative pressure).(Wikipedia, De Sitter Space)

"A de Sitter universe is a cosmological solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, named after Willem de Sitter. It models the universe as spatially flat and neglects ordinary matter, so the dynamics of the universe are dominated by the cosmological constant, thought to correspond to dark energy in our universe or the inflaton field in the early universe. According to the models of inflation and current observations of the accelerating universe, the concordance models of physical cosmology are converging on a consistent model where our universe was best described as a de Sitter universe at about a time t=(about)10−33 s after the fiducial Big Bang singularity, and far into the future. (Wikipedia, De Sitter universe)

The Big Bang theory is one of the most dominant cosmological models. The idea in that theory is that there came an energy spike at some point. And then that energy spike collapsed, causing an energy wave that traveled in spacetime. The problem with that model is that it doesn’t explain where that energy came from. The wave-particle duality means that the wave movement can transform into particles and particles can turn into wave movement. But the problem is that wave movement or particles cannot form from nothingness. The problem with all theories about the origin of the Universe is always where that wave movement that condensates into material came from. 

"A team of scientists proposes a new model of cosmic inflation that reveals how gravity and quantum mechanics may be sufficient to explain how the structure of the cosmos came into being. Credit: University of Barcelona’s Institute of Cosmos Sciences (ICCUB)" (ScitechDaily, Rewriting Physics Textbooks: Scientists Propose a Bold New Theory About the Universe’s Origins)

An interesting thing is this: if we take any particle cloud to the absolute vacuum, there are no quantum fields that cause particles' fast vaporization. Those particles turn into a wave movement. And that reaction can be extremely rough. So, a particle cloud can be the origin of the universe. But, where did those particles or the energy that forms those particles in wave-particle duality (WPD) come from? 

The new theory of the origin of the universe closes speculative fields. The idea is that gravitational waves and the quantum ripples caused reactions that formed the Universe. In this new model, the Bose-Einstein condensate gravitons caused a reaction that we know as the Big Bang. The Universe began with the well-established De Sitter cosmic state. So, the origin of the universe was in the condensed gravity waves. 

And the question is always where those gravitational waves that condensate into the cloud of Bose-Einstein graviton condensate came from. The problem is that nobody has seen gravitons yet. The other question is that the gravitational wave cannot travel in space; there is nothing. There must always be something or some kind of field that turns into particles. And could there be gravity in spacetime where there is absolutely nothing? 

In some models, the origin of the universe is in some kind of black hole eruption. This model only moves the problem of the origin of material and energy back, even if the so-called phoenix-universe model, where the universe collapses in a Big Crunch, forming a black hole where the entire material in the universe would be condensed into one small point. And then, because there were no quantum fields that could resist the black hole’s energy flow, the black hole erupted or detonated. But that model has the same problem as other models. Where was the original black hole and material that formed the universe? 

In some models, the universe formed from the field interaction. The idea of this model was that there was a field or wave movement before the Big Bang. Then, formed a hole in the wave field. That hole caused a situation where wave movement, which we can call energy, started to fall into that hole. That collapsing hole or bubble collected energy into the middle of it. And then that effect formed like some kind of vacuum bomb. Impacting waves formed the first particles, and then those particles formed other particles. And the problem is always the same. Where does that wave field come from? 

https://phys.org/news/2025-07-rethinking-big-gravity-quantum-ripples.html

https://scitechdaily.com/rewriting-physics-textbooks-scientists-propose-a-bold-new-theory-about-the-universes-origins/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Crunch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_space

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

Could dark matter be dark photons?

"2D projection of the cosmic web as obtained from a supercomputer simulation. Credit: Dr. Ewald Puchwein and the Sherwood-Relics collaboration" (ScitechDaily.com/New Study Suggests Dark Matter May Be Made of Dark Photons)

Dark or black photons are the hypothetical antiparticles of the photon. Photon is the transmitter particle of electromagnetism. We know that electromagnetism has a pushing and pulling effect. If electromagnetism is like the weak interaction where Z- and W-bosons are transmitting repel and pulling versions of weak nuclear force. 

The electromagnetism should also have different carrier particles for pushing and pulling forces. So those transporting particles should be "white photons" or known photons. And the dark photons are the hypothetical anti-photons. 

Nobody has seen them yet. And in some theories the dark photons are gravitons. The problem with that theory is this: nobody measured the mass of a photon yet. If we say that photons that we already know are "white photons", we must ask why photons don't photons have mass. 

Image 2 is the evolving universe. In the young universe were lots of photons. And then those photons disappeared or connected to the electrons. The idea of those photons is that they might have mass. Or in some models, the universe was hotter than those photons. That means the wave movement traveled to those photons. But were those photons similar to photons today? 

But they can increase the energy level of the target objects. There is the possibility that when photons are traveling between objects. They are turning to strings or wave motion. And when they are impacting to some other object like an electron. The impact area is so small, that researchers cannot measure the photon's mass. 

Photon is different than other particles. Sir Isaac Newton predicted that a photon has two forms. Wave movement and particle. There is the possibility that the photon is not a ball or whisk-looking particle. In that case, the photon looks like waves or crinkles. When a photon hits another particle it starts to crinkle rather than turn into a ball. 

Image 3

In some other models, the photon is so a high-energy particle that its shine will push quantum fields away from it. That thing forms the situation that photon flows between other particles. In another version of this model, the photon is like tape or string. That particle pushes other quantum fields away from it. Or the quantum-level interaction makes a situation the photon doesn't touch with other particles. 

But when we are saying that "white photons" or photons that we know are "warm" particles that hover above material, we can say that thing explains why photon doesn't have mass. So in this case we can think that the mythical "dark photon" has a very low energy level. That means "dark photon" has mass and energy travels into that mythical particle. 

The idea of a dark photon is that its size is so small that wave movement makes the ring around it. Or it travels past that very low-energy particle. That thing makes it possible that the dark photon can accelerate wave movement. And that tells it's the source of the mysterious dark energy. The dark photon is a myth. But it should exist. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-expansion-not-accelerating/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-study-suggests-dark-matter-may-be-made-of-dark-photons/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/