"Scientists propose a bold test of string theory by identifying a hypothetical five-particle family, called a 5-plet, that string theory cannot produce. If such a particle were found at the LHC, it could simultaneously challenge string theory and provide new insights into the nature of dark matter. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, This Forbidden Particle Could Break String Theory)
There are two main models in cosmology. The standard model. And the string theory. The standard model explains particles, and string theory tries to model wave movement and space. The key element in string theory is that so-called superstrings form everything from spacetime to the particles. In some models, those superstrings are a series of quantum-sized black holes. Their transition disks form structures that look like strings.
There is a possibility that the 5-plet particle group will destroy string theory. But there is one problem. The 5-plet particle must have a mass five times or more compared to the Higgs boson. And that means researchers need a new particle accelerator to confirm those particles’ existence. The fact is that the modern CERN and the Large Hadron Collider, LHC, cannot form such a high energy level that the 5-plet formation requires. The 5-plet can destroy string theory.
Researchers must wait for the new future circular collider, FCC, to prove those particles. The LHC operates at its limit with the Higgs boson. There is a possibility that the FCC particle accelerator has points where it can point lasers at traveling particles. That system can bring photons to a system that could accelerate those particles. The combination of photonic-magnetic accelerators can raise those particles' energy levels so high that they can prove the existence, or non-existence, of hypothetical 5-plet particles. The major problem is. How to make sure that all photons come back to those particles that travel in the cyclotron?
The 5-plet can open paths to understand dark matter. But it endangers string theory. And there is one problem. When we think that the dark matter particles turn visible at high energy levels, we make a model that raises the energy level of the material. When electrons and positrons collide, that creates a very high energy level. That energy forms a shockwave that researchers hope to interact with dark matter.
"Event display in the signal region from data taken in 2018. The pixel tracklet candidate with pT = 1.2 TeV is shown by the red solid line and other inner detector tracks by the thin orange lines. Jets are shown by the transparent yellow, blue, and red cones. The missing transverse momentum is shown by the white dotted line. The green and yellow bars indicate energy deposits in the liquid argon and scintillating tile calorimeters respectively. The event is common to both the electroweak and strong production signal regions. Event and run numbers are shown in the bottom left corner. Credit: ATLAS Collaboration CERN" (ScitechDaily, This Forbidden Particle Could Break String Theory)
They hope that the dark matter sends a flash to sensors. Basically, that model is easy to make. The main idea is that researchers should raise the energy level or create dark matter. The main problem is how to make that thing in real life. If researchers try to increase the dark matter energy level through the visible material, they make the visible material shine brighter. And that shine covers the dark matter’s shine behind it. The model of dark matter is simple. It’s like ordinary material that shines invisible light or sends wave movement. But the main problem is that the visible material is “brighter” than dark matter.
The major problem with a cyclotron is that when a particle changes its direction, it sends a photon. That photon is an energy quantum, which means there is a limit to how high that energy level can rise. That light quantum means that energy travels out from particles. When a cyclotron smashes two particles together, it creates new particles from the energy shockwave that the particle-pair impact creates.
The existence of ultra-high-energy particles is very short. That means they are energy packages that release lots of energy in a very short time. And in that process, those particles transform into some other particle. That process releases and forms many other particle types. When researchers try to find new particles, they observe particle trajectories in the sensor chamber.
There is a theoretical model that is based on the particle's energy levels and its calculated interaction with existing particles. Then, researchers try to separate particles that are already known from the unknown particles' trajectories. The high-energy particle that decays in the sensor chamber can also affect well-known particles and their behavior in that chamber. That is the opposite way to detect particles. If something unpredictable happens, that means there is an unpredictable actor. And that actor can be some unknown particle.
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