Can the universe's shape explain dark matter?

If we think of visible matter, or the visible geometry of the universe, as a disk. Round plate or ball. Galaxies and most of its matter are at the edge of this structure. This means that the edge of the universe is at a higher energy level than its inner structure. That means It’s hard to see matter that is “behind us”. In those models, the universe is a round structure. Galaxies. And other visible matter is mainly in the ring or ball around that larger structure. If we are in that plasma ring, the rest of the universe is hard to see. The model is like we are in a cloud. And anyway, our own galaxy, stars, and the plasma halo in the galaxy. 

They disturb observations. This means. Our own galaxy covers lots of things, even between galaxies. And if we are in the giant plasma ring that surrounds the entire universe. That means energy or wave movement also travels in the middle of the universe. There, it reflects. And that makes the universe act a little bit like a giant vacuum bomb. The universe is full of macro- and micro-scale structures. 

And all of those structures send wave motion. Those waves have the same wavelength. 

As. Their sender’s size or diameter is. This means that the universe is a very complicated structure. Full of substructures. And that forms another conclusion. The mistake with dark energy. It can be that. Reseachers thought that this energy is uniform. Dark energy can be multiple different waves with different wavelengths. When. Particles like free quarks, other fermions, and bosons evaporate. They send waves that travel at the speed of light. When. A gravitational wave leaves the supernova. Exploded two billion light-years ago. The gravitational wave reaches us two billion years after the explosion. The reason why we cannot see the Big Bang is this. Photons. That event sent. Travel ahead of us. We cannot see photons from behind. 

We can see reflected photons. Or photons coming into our direction. When the Big Bang sent photons. Those photons travel through space. There is nothing. That can reflect them. This means that those photons cannot reach us. But if we someday see one photon. That is from the Big Bang. That means it reflected outside the universe. 

In the same way, there is a model. That dark energy could be the same as dark matter. 

When lower-energy waves hit the galactic halo. Lower-energy waves. Pull that halo toward it. Dark energy can form in particles. That have a very low energy level. When those particles evaporate, they send wave movement into their environment. That wave movement can have a higher energy level than the environment it travels through. But the wave can have a lower energy level than the galactic halo. Most known galaxies are in so-called local galaxy clusters. 

Galaxy clusters, or local clusters, form superclusters. This means there are multiple plasma layers with multiple energy levels. The halo around galactic superclusters has a lower energy level than the halo around galaxy clusters and individual galaxies. The superclusters form megaclusters. 

So that means the energy level of the wave that impacts those plasma structures. They can have a higher energy level than the plasma around galaxy superclusters. So the same energy can push galaxy superclusters. But pull local clusters. This means.  If. The energy wave's energy level is lower than the energy level in the halo surrounding a galaxy. That wave cannot pass the galaxy halo. The same way a wave can travel through the energy that surrounds a galaxy megacluster. This means that the wave has a higher energy level than the plasma halo around the megacluster. But its energy level can be lower than in a subcluster. 

Another thing. What makes calculations hard is recoil. When particles evaporate, they send photons or wave motion. That. Wave movement. And photons cause recoil. So at the far edge of the universe. Particles evaporate very fast. In. Cosmic vacuums or voids. Particles evaporate very fast. Energy always travels to a lower-energy environment. This means that A recoil is asymmetrical at the edge of cosmic voids or at the edge of the universe. That recoil pushes harder toward the outside of the universe. We see a complex interaction that includes low-energy radiation. Recoil and waves that left billions of years ago. 

Reseachers found missing fermionic (or baryonic) matter.

 

"Caption:Simulated gas distribution (blue, green, and yellow colors) around galaxies (white dots on the image). The study finds that gas in our Universe extends farther from galaxies than most simulations predict, indicating strong activity from galaxies that have expelled gas away from galaxy groups.Credit: IllustrisTNG" (MIT News, Diffuse puffs of “missing” matter surround most galaxies)

Reseachers found missing fermionic (or baryonic) matter. And could that be the route to finding the source of dark energy?

Could the extremely cold material cloud outside the universe be the reason for the universe’s expansion? If there is an extremely cold material cloud in space. Its energy minimum is lower than that in the observable universe. That makes that matter invisible. That means that. The dark energy. That expands the universe. It could be the virtual effect. Caused by the hypothetical “universal Oort Cloud” of the fermionic material outside the visible universe. Here I write fermionic. The reason for that is that matter must not be in protons and neutrons. Those particles are baryons. And atoms are baryonic objects. But. Those hypothetical clouds. They can be free quarks or some other fermions like low-energy electrons. So here I use fermionic instead of baryonic.

"The spatial distribution of fast radio burst signal across the sky (above), compared against the galaxy distributions (below). The study has found a significant correlation between the two distributions, revealing missing baryonic matter in the Universe.Credit: Haochen Wang" (MIT News, Diffuse puffs of “missing” matter surround most galaxies)

Reseachers found missing fermionic matter in space between galaxies and galaxy clusters. This means this. There could be lots of matter in the universe. We cannot see it because we are in our solar system and galaxy. The temperature in our solar system is higher than outside the partially hypothetical Oort Cloud and the Kuiper belt. This makes it hard to detect weak IR objects outside the heliopause. The small dwarf planets and asteroids outside Pluto’s orbit are confirmed. 

Most of those objects are maybe metric or centimeter class. The diameter of the Oort Cloud is a mystery. But many times. When people talk about the Kuiper belt and Oort Cloud, they mean the same thing. The asteroid and dust cloud around the solar system. The size of that cloud is enormous. And that means that it causes scattering effects. That makes it hard to get an IR signature from objects that are behind it. The warmer objects cover those colder objects behind them. Even if the temperature difference between those objects is less than a degree. Energy travels to a lower-energy area. 

Kuiper belt and Oort Cloud. Could. This kind of structure? But on a larger scale. Surround the entire universe? If the ultimate large-scale version of matter cloud surrounds the universe. That thing could cause a gravitational effect that expands the universe. We could see this kind of material structure and its interaction as dark energy. If. Energy travels only to that cloud. That makes it invisible. If the energy level of reflection is lower. 

Same way. The temperature in our galaxy, along with brightness, is higher than outside it. This means that the Oort Cloud and matter in our galaxy extend beyond our galaxy. Matter in our galaxy and in our solar system shines brighter.  Than matter outside it. The reason for that is the scattering of light from our Sun and billions of other stars. We can compare this situation with cases where we drive a car in a snowstorm. When we turn on our headlights, we can see only the snow. The reason for that is reflection from the snowflakes. This means inside the universe and outside it. Could be a similar effect. 

Then the energy level in the universe is. There can be lots of matter that we cannot see, because it's so cold.  Here I mean fermionic matter. And the shine of other material covers it under its IR brightness. And of course. Dark matter is one of the mysteries. 

“The filament is made up of hot intergalactic gas (shown in mottled black-yellow), a type of ‘ordinary matter’ that has proven really difficult for astronomers to find.” (ESA)

There is a possibility that the temperature outside the universe could be below the energy minimum inside the universe. This means that energy moves out from the universe. And if there is no such high-energy reflection, it can travel back into the universe. That can cause a situation where we cannot see that matter. For sending. A reflection that can penetrate the universe. The reflecting particle. It must have such a high energy level. That the energy in that reflection. Is higher than the energy level in the universe. 

But reseachers found missing matter outside the galaxies. And outside the galaxy clusters. This means that high-energy reactions. They can throw matter out from the galaxy clusters. This causes. An idea.  That maybe there is lots of matter that is even harder to detect. But the Kuiper belt and Oort Cloud. They can be used as a base for conclusions. 

When the diameter of the galaxies is about 100 million light-years. The diameter. The missing material cloud is about 4-5 billion light-years. So could there be a large material cloud outside the visible universe? That material cloud of extremely low-energy matter could pull the universe outward. So, could that kind of material cloud explain dark energy as a virtual effect? The reason for the virtual effect could be extremely low-energy material outside the visible universe. 

https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/XMM-Newton/The_models_were_right_astronomers_find_missing_matter

https://www.livescience.com/space/astronomy/much-more-violent-than-predicted-a-chunk-of-the-universes-missing-matter-was-powerfully-hurled-out-of-galaxies

https://news.mit.edu/2026/missing-matter-diffuse-puffs-surround-most-galaxies-0721

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud

Why are most distant galaxies distancing so fast?

“Standard candles (left) and standard rulers (right) are two different techniques astronomers used to measure the expansion of space at various times/distances in the past. Based on how quantities like luminosity or angular size/diameter change with distance, we can infer the expansion history of the Universe. Standard candles involve looking at objects whose intrinsic brightness is known at all cosmic distances, while standard rulers involve looking at features such as the physical size of a known object or the average separation distance between any two galaxies (imprinted from baryon acoustic oscillations during the early stages of the Big Bang) that evolve as the Universe expands.” (Big Think, Ask Ethan: How can ultra-distant galaxies move so fast?)

Here, we must realize one thing. We don’t know the luminosity of the most distant objects. There can be dark nebulae between Earth and those objects. Another thing is that. There are two directions in which those objects move. The horizontal and vertical. The vertical movement is the movement away from our galaxy. And the horizontal movement is the movement to the side from the original direction of our galaxy. 

This means that if we were to find a galaxy. That is the opposite of our galaxy, and both galaxies orbit the center in the same direction. That means we would not see horizontal movement at all. But the vertical distancing, the redshift of that galaxy, will be incredible. The redshift measures the vertical movement. Spectral lines in that distant galaxy turn red. The horizontal movement is measured by using different methods. 

If this galaxy is found. That could bring us closer to proving the existence of dark flow. If dark flow exists. And galaxies orbit the same point. That tells us. The universe has a mass center. Or. There is a point that puts the entire universe in orbit around it. 

The answer is in the position of the observer. The phenomenon is opposite to the case where two cars collide at a speed of 50 km/h. This means that. When car 1 has a speed of 50 km/h. And a car 2 also has a speed of 50 km/h, the impact speed. It is 50 km/h + 50 km/h. And. That is 100 km/h. So, the effect is similar to that of a car impacting a standing wall at a speed of 100 km/h. Same way. If two cars are distancing themselves. 

To the opposite direction. And both of them have a speed of 50 km/h, the distancing speed is also 100 km/h. This is one of the things that we can just say. That everything is relative. When two electrons collide in the particle accelerators at a speed of 80% of the speed of light. That means their impact speed is 160% of the speed of light. Those particles will not cross the speed of light. But their mutual speed is higher. 

The mutual speed of two objects can be different from the speed of each of the objects. In the same way, when two photons travel in opposite directions. Their mutual speed. It is. Two times faster. Than the speed of light. 

Then to galaxies. Measurements of the distancing speed of galaxies. It is measured by using the Doppler effect. This means that the wavelength of the radiation becomes longer. Then two objects are distancing. This means that spectral lines travel to the red. And when another object gets closer to us, that turns the wave movement shorter. 

This is the effect, called blueshift. But. We must realize that gravitation pulls that radiation longer. And this means that. Near black holes, all objects seem slower. Than they really are. So galaxies cause an effect on the object that comes closer, seeming to be slower than they really are. And objects that travel away seem to be distancing faster than they really do. We can call it an effect. There gravity stretches light.  As a virtual redshift. 

 But then. If. We are looking. At the most distant galaxies that are on the opposite side of the universe. We must realize that the speed always behaves the same way. When two galaxies are moving away from each other. Their distancing speed behaves like the distancing speed between two cars. The speed at which the systems measure. It is the speed of galaxy 1 + the speed of galaxy 2. 

But then another thing is this. Gravitation stretches light. This means that every gravitational center. Seems to be in longer distances than they really are. Gravitation stretches light on both sides of the measurement line. The galaxy that sends light pulls that light back. That causes a virtual redshift that is stronger than the real redshift.

When that light travels to the Milky Way, the gravity of our galaxy pulls the wave movement from the front. And that means that. Also, our galaxy has the effect of that redshift. In the cases of galaxies. The gravity stretches light so strongly that it has an effect on redshift. If we think that the effect of the gravitational redshift is very small in the case of light-years. 

But in the long distances. Like distances of megaparsecs, even small errors. Turn bigger. One parsec is 3,26 ly and a megaparsec is a million parsecs. 

In the same way as in the cases. That measurement tool makes a 1 mm error. In the 100m distances. That error might not seem big. But. When we try to measure distances. Like Earth's distance to Jupiter. Those errors turn into an enormous scale. 

⁠https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/how-galaxies-move-fast/⁠⁠

⁠https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow⁠⁠

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect

⁠https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec⁠⁠

What was before the Big Bang?

“Our entire cosmic history is theoretically well-understood, but difficult to depict in a static, 2D image. The Universe’s present expansion rate and energy composition are related, which is why most modern illustrations of our cosmic history have a tube-like shape: where they often (dubiously) depict an initial singularity, a period of inflation, and then a slower expansion that changes with time while our Universe evolves. No one diagram encodes all of these details correctly, including the one shown here, which seems to maintain a constant “size” for the Universe, disagreeing with reality.” (BigThink. The strongest evidence for a Universe before the Big Bang)

Can the source of dark energy be in particles that go out from the universe and evaporate in that extremely low-energy place? When a particle or black hole travels out of the universe. The outside quantum field cannot keep the particle in its form. In the universe, the outside energy field presses the particle. And slows its energy transfer to its environment. Particles are condensed versions of energy. And when those particles release their energy very fast, that means they turn into a wave movement. And if the energy level around them is zero, that means those particles detonate. They send those waves into the universe. But they send waves that also impact outside the universe. 

Even before the Big Bang, the universe or spacetime was not really empty. There were fields and wave movement. That formed material and the universe where we live. The big question has always been where those waves and fields came from. Also, those fields. Must have some kind of source. 

The fact is that matter cannot form from emptiness. So there must be some kind of wave movement. And one suggestion is that. There were gravity waves before the Big Bang. Or the event that formed our universe. But was there a universe before our universe? This question remains open. The thing that we call the universe is a structure. Where matter and energy have a certain form or shape. And that means we should ask if there was a structure before our universe, where matter and energy had similar shapes, as they have in our universe, or the universe where we live. The new model goes like this. The gravity waves that were the only existing thing before our universe started to form were impacted and started to condense into gravitons. And then those gravitons could form the massive kugelblitz black hole, which detonated. That could even look like a series of explosions, because when that massive object released its outermost shell, its size increased. 

At that point, the gravity waves that this object sent pushed other gravity waves away. When we think about that very first black hole, we must remember that this object formed in a very different universe than the one we live in. That object was the only gravity center in the universe. And that means its effect was larger scale than the gravity centers have in the modern universe. When we think about the first magnetic fields. They were not more powerful than the human EEG; we must remember. That energy level is always relative to its environment. The universe was very hot and dense, and those electromagnetic fields formed into a place. 

“The density fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provide the seeds for modern cosmic structure to form, including stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, filaments, and large-scale cosmic voids. But the CMB itself cannot be seen until the Universe forms neutral atoms out of its ions and electrons, which takes hundreds of thousands of years, and the stars won’t form for even longer: 50-to-100 million years.” (BigThink. The strongest evidence for a Universe before the Big Bang)

“Regions of space that are slightly denser than average will create larger gravitational potential wells to climb out of, meaning the light arising from those regions appears colder by the time it arrives at our eyes. Vice versa, underdense regions will look like hot spots, while regions with perfectly average density will have perfectly average temperatures.” (BigThink. The strongest evidence for a Universe before the Big Bang)

“The quantum fluctuations that occur during inflation do indeed get stretched across the Universe, and later, smaller-scale fluctuations get superimposed atop the older, larger-scale ones. These field fluctuations cause density imperfections in the early Universe, which then lead to the temperature fluctuations we measure in the cosmic microwave background, after all the interactions between dark matter, normal matter, and radiation occur prior to the formation of the first stable, neutral atoms.” (BigThink. The strongest evidence for a Universe before the Big Bang)

“The quantum fluctuations inherent to space, stretched across the Universe during cosmic inflation, gave rise to the density fluctuations imprinted in the cosmic microwave background, which in turn gave rise to the stars, galaxies, and other large-scale structures in the Universe today. This is the best picture we have of how the entire Universe behaves, where inflation precedes and sets up the Big Bang. Unfortunately, we can only access the information contained inside our cosmic horizon, which is all part of the same fraction of one region where inflation ended some 13.8 billion years ago.” (BigThink. The strongest evidence for a Universe before the Big Bang)

“If you look farther and farther away, you also look farther and farther into the past. If the number of galaxies, the densities and properties of those galaxies, and other cosmic properties like the temperature and expansion rate of the Universe didn’t appear to change, you’d have evidence of a Universe that was constant in time; that is not what we see.” (BigThink, Even before the Big Bang, space wasn’t truly empty)

Where there were no other electromagnetic fields. Electrons were just formed. The suggestion of how those fields formed, or which was the formation order of those fields, is that first were strong nuclear interaction fields, because those fields are radiation or wave movement that formed in the quark gluon plasma. Those high-energy particles condensed from the whirls in the gravity field. Then we must remember. Electromagnetic fields form in electron interactions. The weak nuclear interaction forms between protons and neutrons. That model mean. Electromagnetic fields formed before the weak nuclear interaction, because the weak nuclear interaction requires baryons that can form only if quarks can form protons and neutrons.  

So the four fundamental forces formed in the next order. 

1) Gravity

2) Strong nuclear interaction

3) Electromagnetism

4) Weak nuclear interaction. 

When we talk. About the force formation. We talk about. The situation, the environment, and the force that. Takes the form that makes their interaction possible. 

That means energy that existed before the Big Bang formed the universe. But where does that energy or wave movement come from? The logical explanation can be. The origin of that field or gravity waves could be another universe. The existence of other universes is logically possible. That model mean. That universes form structures like galaxies and galaxy clusters. But if we observe those kinds of theorems. We face one reality. If another universe exists and some particle travels between that universe and our universe, that hypothetical particle must travel through an extremely low-energy space. This means that there is no energy that can press the quantum field. 

That particle evaporates or turns into a wave movement. This would happen. Even if our universe were alone. This means that the dark energy’s origin can be in the space outside the universe. When a particle turns into a wave movement, it sends an energy impulse around it. Or it releases energy that condensed into that particle. This energy travels back to the universe. In the same way, a black hole that travels  out of the universe detonates. Every day, particles flow out from the universe, and that means there can be multiple energy sources outside the universe. If energy travels out from another universe, that low-energy spacetime will stretch that wave so long that it's hard or even impossible to detect. 

But then back to the Big Bang. The question is, where does the first universe get its existence? That is the question that makes the multiverse theory quite hard to control. Where did the first universe get the wave movement that formed it?

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/evidence-universe-before-big-bang/

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-wasnt-empty-before-big-bang/

https://scitechdaily.com/universes-first-magnetic-fields-were-as-weak-as-human-brain-waves/

Maybe mysterious little red dots at the edge of the universe are black hole stars.

 Maybe mysterious little red dots at the edge of the universe are black hole stars. 

"Artist’s impression of a black hole star (not to scale). Mysterious tiny pinpoints of light discovered at the dawn of the universe may be giant spheres of hot gas that are so dense they look like the atmospheres of typical nuclear fusion-powered stars; however, instead of fusion, they are powered by supermassive black holes in their center that rapidly pull in matter, converting it into energy and giving off light. Credit: T. Müller/A. de Graaff/Max Planck Institute for Astronomy" (ScitechDaily, Mysterious “Universe Breaker” Red Dots Could Be Black Holes in Disguise)

The little red dots at the edge of the universe could be so-called black hole stars. If that thing is true, those red dots would be the most fundamental things in the world. The black hole stars, or so-called quasi stars, would be the most interesting things in the universe. The quasi-star could form around the small back hole. In the early universe, those black holes could form when the so-called Schwinger effect formed a material point. 

That formed a singularity. And then those black holes started to pull material into them. There is a possibility that black holes pull particles they forming a stellar-shaped structure around the event horizon. Those hydrogen atoms are locked around the black hole. Those hydrogen atoms can form a spinning layer in the distance where the escaping velocity is the same as that atom’s speed.

The quasi-star, or black hole star, is like other stars if we see them outside. But they could be far larger than regular stars. If those famous red dots are quasi-stars that help to calculate other black holes and black hole-based structures. Things like extremely small black holes that can hide in ball-shaped asteroids are waiting for their finder. The quasi-stars will help to fill in the puzzle about the black holes. Those things will not be fundamental, and intermediate mass black holes are not fundamental. But they will confirm theories and models of back holes and their formation. 

The quasi-stars would not exist in our universe. The thing that forms the structure is the interaction between layers that form that object. The energy from inner structures interacts with the outer structure. Those structures push each other away. When those structures' temperatures turn lower, that breaks the quasi-star. 

"An illustration shows the JWST in space next to its observations of some of the earliest galaxies ever seen, the so-called "little red dots." (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Dale Kocevski (Colby College)/ Robert Lea (created with Canva))" (Space.com, James Webb Space Telescope sees little red dots feeding black holes: 'This is how you solve a universe-breaking problem') 

If those little red dots (LRD) are black holes that formed before galaxies or even material that could mean that first were so-called “Kugelblitz”-black holes that formed straight from wave movement. Then those kugelblitz black holes formed galaxies around them. That means it’s possible that black holes formed before matter. 

"Size comparison of a hypothetical quasi-star to some of the largest known stars."(Wikipedia, Quasi-star)

“As a quasi-star cooled over time, its outer envelope would become transparent, until further cooling to a limiting temperature of 4,000 K (3,730 °C). This would mark the end of the quasi-star's life since there is no hydrostatic equilibrium at or below this limiting temperature. It would then dissipate without a supernova, leaving behind an intermediate-mass black hole. These intermediate-mass black holes are theorized as the progenitors of modern supermassive black holes, and would help explain how supermassive black holes formed so early in the history of the universe.” (Wikipedia, Quasi-star)

The energy that this quasi-star shines is energy that forms in the black hole’s material disk, and in the case that the back hole pulls that radiation’s wavelength longer. The extreme gravity causes a virtual redshift because gravity stretches light. That means quasi-stars should be red. The massive gravitational redshift will pull all radiation longer than it should be. Or to the red side of the electromagnetic spectrum. 

So the black hole can pull X-rays. And gamma-ray wavelengths turn longer. And that thing causes an interesting model. That can make a black hole invisible because extreme gravity pulls electromagnetic radiation’s wavelength so long. If the gravity is strong enough, that thing can turn even gamma-rays into radio waves. 

That means that there is a possibility that black holes’ gamma- and X-rays are also a result of some, yet unknown, radiation’s wavelength stretch.  A black hole's environment has a wavelength longer than it should. This means that the black hole seems to be at a longer distance than it actually is. Otherwise, if those objects are on the other side of the universe, the redshift would be strong anyway. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mysterious-universe-breaker-red-dots-could-be-black-holes-in-disguise/

https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-little-red-dots-galaxies-black-hole-growth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-star

Can we ever create a Theory of Everything?

 Can we ever create a Theory of Everything? 

"One of the most popular efforts toward a Theory of Everything is string theory, where the Lie Group E8 x E8 is shown here: one realization of 10-dimensional superstring theory. The number of particles, fields, interactions, and dimensions that must be removed to keep the predictions of this overarching framework consistent with what we observe in our Universe is overwhelming, and represents more than 95% of the theory's general predictions." (Big Think, The argument against the existence of a Theory of Everything)

Can we ever create a Theory of Everything? The answer is that the thing requires long-term observations from interstellar and intergalactic space. When we are in the middle of the system, it’s impossible to see the global entirety. We see local entirety, but we cannot see the entire or global scale. In the system. To see the entire system, we must step outside it. We cannot see global phenomena in the universe. In the same way, we cannot see an object’s place if we see the object's speed. So we cannot measure a particle’s place. And the momentum. 

That is a big question. And the answer is that the Theory of Everything, TOE, requires that researchers know every single actor in the universe. That means that we must have knowledge of the internal structures of atoms. We must also have knowledge of the wave movement interactions and behavior at all scales of the universe. That means we must expand our knowledge very much. If we want to make a formula. That introduces all interactions from gluons to galactic superclusters. The biggest problem is this. We don’t have knowledge of what happens in interstellar space. 

All information that we get from space outside the solar system is distorted. That means. Information that we get travels across the heliopause, asteroid belts, and then through the solar wind that travels against it. That thing causes an effect on that information, and we can say that this information is dirty. When information travels into the Milky Way from other galaxies, that information travels through the Milky Way’s own radiation layers.  Another thing that can cause problems with measurements is things that we cannot see, such as typical objects. Maybe. Our star is not as typical a G-2 star as we want to believe. The solar system. Where we live is actually between the Milky Way’s spiral branches. The local group there is a certain type of actor that might have a unique structure. That means rare objects can form almost homogenous groups, but those objects might not be typical on a global scale. 

**********************************************************

"Top: Diagram of the heliosphere as it travels through the interstellar medium:"

"Heliosheath: the outer region of the heliosphere; the solar wind is compressed and turbulent"

"Heliopause: the boundary between the solar wind and interstellar wind where they are in equilibrium."

"Middle: water running into a sink as an analogy for the heliosphere and its different zones (left) and Voyager spacecraft measuring a drop of the solar wind's high-energy particles at the termination shock (right)"

"Bottom: Logarithmic scale of the Solar System and Voyager 1's position." 

(Wikipedia, Heliosphere)

**********************************************************

That means there is less gas and dust around our solar system than around stars that are in spiral branches.  Otherwise, there are fewer stars around the sun than around stars that are in the spiral branches. There is also a possibility that the Milky Way and its companion galaxies are in the cosmic void. That means Milky Way. And their companion galaxies have  lots of cosmic dust from their environment. This means that the dust and gas around those galaxies, and especially around their black holes, might be denser than researchers believed. But otherwise, gas and dust outside galaxies and dwarf galaxies might be thinner than researchers thought. And the other thing is that. The interactions can be far different from what nobody expected. 

If galaxies are in the cosmic plasma bubbles. The energy or wave movement that impacts the plasma bubble causes a situation. The plasma sends energy into that bubble. The bubble focuses energy. Into the middle of the bubble. That forms a standing wave where those energy impulses reflect. The universe is a large place. There can be lots of particles and quasiparticles that cause unexpected reactions. Quasiparticles can act like real particles. And another thing is that radiation, or wave movement. With extremely long wavelengths, they can look like straight waves. 

And those waves can act like thermal pumps. There is a possibility that some wave movement has two wavelengths. Extremely short wavelength. That acts like some kind of snake. That wave movement can act like a thermal pump. Things like energy tornadoes in the energy fields can transport energy. Out of that field. And that forms the situation. That kind of structure in the universe acts like virtual gravity. 

Can the so-called cosmic hum explain something about the nature of dark energy?  

When the Voyager probe crossed the Heliosphere and entered interstellar space, it found the cosmic hum. The radio waves that cannot cross the heliopause. The plasma wave that forms when solar wind impacts particles that come from other stars. There is almost certainly a similar impact wave around the Milky Way galaxy. So there can be wave movements. 

A wavelength that cannot come through that impact wave. That explains why dark energy affects only large-scale structures. That means there can be many types of wave movements that we cannot see. There can be plasma balls around galactic clusters, galactic megaclusters, and even the universe can have some kind of plasma wall in its outer layer. 

This means each of those plasma balls can absorb some wave movement. We always thought that dark energy was one. Homogeneous entirety.  Maybe dark energy has multiple wavelengths. If dark dwarfs destroy dark matter and turn that thing into dark energy, the same thing can happen outside galaxies in cosmic voids that can exist between galaxies. Maybe dark matter particles. The cosmic voids. At a hypothetical level in research, they impact each other. And those impacts send a wave movement. 

When we think about the cosmic voids. And their relationship with things like black holes and dark matter, those voids can rip black holes apart. The same thing can rip visible material in pieces. But if dark matter has only interaction with dark energy and other dark matter particles, there can be a cosmic dark matter void. Those “dark voids” are not dark energy or dark matter. It could be invisible to us. That kind of void can rip dark matter in pieces. 

So when we think about the role of the cosmic voids. In the structures that we know as the Universe, we must ask what made those bubbles. Things like the Boötes void formed when some energy impulse whipped matter and possibly also energy out from that point. The energy impulse caused the shockwave that formed those voids. Or something annihilated material out of the cosmic void. Those cosmic voids can play a bigger role in energy movements. That we have ever imagined. The cosmic void is the thing that could put energy into motion. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/argument-against-theory-of-everything/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_everything

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Black Holes, Dark Matter, and Information.

    Black Holes, Dark Matter, and Information. 

"Artist’s conception of a supermassive black hole, billions of times more massive than the sun, like those found at the centers of galaxies. The black hole’s rapid spin and powerful magnetic fields can launch enormous jets of plasma into space, a process that could potentially generate the same results as human-made supercolliders. Credit: Roberto Molar Candanosa/Johns Hopkins University" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Eye Black Holes as Cosmic Supercolliders in the Hunt for Dark Matter)

At the beginning of time, before our universe, only a G-field, or gravitational field, existed. Then, there formed some kind of whirls in that G-field. Those hypothetical whirls were gravitons. The idea is that the hypothetical graviton particle is a stick-shaped structure, a particle that forms from the quantum field. 

The form of the hypothetical graviton particle could be like tornado. So are the graviton and another hypothetical particle, axion the same thing? The idea is that we cannot see axions because their spin is so fast that it creates fields around them in the shape that looks a little bit like a black hole. 

The idea is that the graviton is so smooth that it cannot take outside fields inside it. And then it starts to transport those fields into its spin axle. So could that thing also explain dark energy? Graviton pulls energy from around it. That particle binds that energy inside in the form of kinetic energy and then aims it to the spin axle. That particle looks like a black hole. The particle collects energy until its energy level turns so high that energy can start to travel outside the particle or quantum field that surrounds it. 

When the mass or kinetic energy of a particle grows, it pulls material and quantum fields from larger areas into it. That thing locks black holes into their form. If that whirl vanishes black hole erupts immediately. That whirl denies the energy escaping from the particle’s or objects' equator. And that is the thing that creates the black hole’s relativistic jet. 

Black holes pull information inside them. Or if we think carefully, black hole rolls information from its environment around its spin axle. That means there is possibility to release that information. There is a question of whether information exists without a physical form. So if we think that information is wave movement, we must ask can information travel without superstrings or does it need superstring for existence. Information will be stored in quantum fields and particles as in curves. That should not be erased even in black holes. Those curves, or “mountains” and “valleys” can turn so low that they are hard to detect. 

But theoretically is possible to restore, or recalculate information that black hole stored. When black hole pulls quantum field, and information that quantum field carries inside it, we can think that the process is similar when something rolls paper around axle. The paper forms the roll, and it's possible to roll that paper from the axle. This is the thing. That makes the black hole collisions interesting. There is a possibility that during those events, the black hole can pull information out from another black hole. And possible somday we could decode that information. 

Researchers uncovered a hidden symphony in a black hole hidden vibrations. And that might help them to read information. That the black hole stored. 

"Black holes don’t just warp space, they sing. And now, for the first time, we’ve figured out what their cosmic echoes really sound like. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Uncover the Spiraling Symphony Hidden in Black Hole Vibrations)

Another interesting thing in the universe are very old, large black holes. The biggest black holes formed in the early universe. Those monsters lost their mass after that. The reason for this is the expansion of the universe. Or, otherwise, weakening quantum fields and decreasing the number of particles. This thing tells. The universe expands. Or does it? There is another explanation for that thing. This very radical theory goes like this: the black hole is a more common phenomenon in the universe than we expected. And the black holes that are “sleeping” simply pull particles and quantum fields inside them. If those black holes exist between galaxies, they are very hard to detect. 

If all electromagnetic fields and particles are formed after the Big Bang, or the beginning of the universe, that means that when black holes pull those fields and particles inside them, there are fewer particles and fields left in the universe. So, can we see that effect as an expansion of the universe? There is a possibility that only the G-field existed before the Big Bang. And that field formed all other quantum fields. But we know that black holes are massive objects. There are black holes between galaxies. And black holes can collact particles to around them. 

That means that the dark matter should interact with black holes. And maybe that thing helps to find things like axions. Axions are hypothetical dark matter particles. Sometimes is introduced that axions are particles that spin very fast. That thing means that the axion can be like a stick or some kind of rugby ball. So, that means that. Maybe near black holes, regular particles could turn into axions. When a particle's spin accelerates, it binds energy into it in the form of kinetic energy. During that process, the outside quantum fields travel to that particle. 

And press it into a smaller size. If we think that particle is a whisk-shaped superstring stucture when outcoming quantum field pushes particle into a smaller size, those superstrings turn closer to each other. If those superstrings turn close enough to each oher. That turns the particle very smooth. And that means the quantum fields travel around the particle. The quantum fields that travel to the particle’s poles will start to travel out from the particle along its spin axis. That thing means that the particle starts stretching. 

And then it starts to transport the quantum field out from its spin axle. If some stick-shaped, fast-spinning particles form black holes, that means that the black hole will not pull things inside it. It just accelerates and aims fields form around it. That thing explains the black hole relativistic jet. That causes the idea. That maybe hypothetical gravitons are axions. Maybe. The graviton is like a tornado in the G-field.  As I wrote at the beginning of this text. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mysterious-radio-signals-reveal-whats-hiding-between-galaxies/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-eye-black-holes-as-cosmic-supercolliders-in-the-hunt-for-dark-matter/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-uncover-the-spiraling-symphony-hidden-in-black-hole-vibrations/

https://scitechdaily.com/webb-telescope-spots-oldest-black-hole-shattering-cosmic-records/

Are the “red little dots” in the young universe so-called quasi-stars?

"By all rights, they shouldn’t exist. When NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) first opened its eyes to the distant past, it spotted hundreds of tiny, brilliant objects glowing red in the infant universe — just 600 million years after the Big Bang. These “little red dots,” as astronomers came to call them, gleamed with such surprising brightness and density that they seemed to defy the basic rules of cosmology."Mysterious red dots may be a peculiar cosmic hybrid between a star and a black hole."(ZmeScience, The Universe’s First “Little Red Dots” May Be a New Kind of Star With a Black Hole Inside")

Little red dots are the first star-shaped objects in the universe. There is a new theory that those little red dots can be so-called quasi-stars. Quasi-stars are hypothetical star-shaped objects that get their energy from the black hole inside them. But can those objects exist in the universe where we live? Or could they exist only in the young universe? 

The hypothetical quasi-stars are star-like objects that get their power from black holes inside them. The idea in quasi-stars is that those black holes can lock particles around the event horizon, forming objects that look like stars. For a long time, researchers thought that the quasi-stars could be very large stars. But there is one thing that makes those quasi-stars more interesting than ever before. That thing is the primordial black hole. In models, primordial black holes can be very small and lightweight. Those low-mass black holes can be very small. Also, things like black hole relativistic jets can press even planets into black holes. 

In Einstein’s models, every particle or object can turn into a black hole. That means there can be very small black holes. The smallest possible black holes, called quantum-size black holes, are quarks or gluons that energy presses into an extremely dense form. In some models, those quantum-size black holes can be in your room. They are so small that they cannot pull particles inside them. But there is a possibility that things like ultra-heavy neutron stars can involve black holes. 

(ZmeScience, The Universe’s First “Little Red Dots” May Be a New Kind of Star With a Black Hole Inside")

The hollow neutron shell can orbit the small black hole. The neutron structure will be locked around the event horizon. That neutron shell can rotate the black hole in a “safe distance”. That kind of object looks like a massive neutron star. But it would involve a black hole. The existence of that kind of thing can be proven in the cases where the neutron star seems too massive. 

Those black holes can be grapefruit-sized, extremely high-energy objects. In some models, quasi-stars are not possible in our universe. Except for those things formed in the early universe. Or there is also the possibility that the low mass black hole can form a quasi-star around it if that thing is in the dense supernova remnant. But there is also a possibility that an extremely low mass black hole can form a planet-shaped shell around it. In that case, the water molecules or things like metal or silicone crystals can form ball-shaped structures around them. 

There is a possibility that some very hot red dwarfs or stars like Spica could be the quasistars. The thing is that the small, low-mass black hole can still lurk in our solar system. And there is a possibility that this exciting object can hide under the icy shell of some dwarf planet. That is the thing that can make the “ninth planet” exist and explain why it cannot be seen from Earth. So there can be something very massive lurking in our solar system. 

https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/49910160

https://blog.sciandnature.com/2024/09/little-black-holes-in-our-solar-system.html

https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/miniature-black-holes-could-be-hollowing-out-planets-and-zipping-through-our-bodies-new-study-claims

https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planet-x/

https://www.sciencealert.com/something-massive-could-still-be-hiding-in-the-shadows-of-our-solar-system

https://www.zmescience.com/science/news-science/the-universes-first-little-red-dots-may-be-a-new-kind-of-star-with-a-black-hole-inside/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_black_hole

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-star

The new theory about the origin of the universe.

"A radical new theory rethinks how the Universe began, using only gravity and quantum physics, no speculative fields or assumptions required. If confirmed, it could reshape our understanding of cosmic origins. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rewriting Physics Textbooks: Scientists Propose a Bold New Theory About the Universe’s Origins)

The material, or particles, can form wave movement. And wave movement can form from particles. We can call energy a wave movement, and material a condensed form of energy. But the problem with the origin of the universe is that material or energy cannot form from emptiness. If there were some kind of particle cloud where particles vaporized into the wave movement, the crossing points of those waves could form particles. The key elements in this new theory are De Sitter Space and De Sitter Universe. 

"De Sitter space is the maximally symmetric vacuum solution of Einstein's field equations in which the cosmological constant is positive (corresponding to a positive vacuum energy density and negative pressure).(Wikipedia, De Sitter Space)

"A de Sitter universe is a cosmological solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, named after Willem de Sitter. It models the universe as spatially flat and neglects ordinary matter, so the dynamics of the universe are dominated by the cosmological constant, thought to correspond to dark energy in our universe or the inflaton field in the early universe. According to the models of inflation and current observations of the accelerating universe, the concordance models of physical cosmology are converging on a consistent model where our universe was best described as a de Sitter universe at about a time t=(about)10−33 s after the fiducial Big Bang singularity, and far into the future. (Wikipedia, De Sitter universe)

The Big Bang theory is one of the most dominant cosmological models. The idea in that theory is that there came an energy spike at some point. And then that energy spike collapsed, causing an energy wave that traveled in spacetime. The problem with that model is that it doesn’t explain where that energy came from. The wave-particle duality means that the wave movement can transform into particles and particles can turn into wave movement. But the problem is that wave movement or particles cannot form from nothingness. The problem with all theories about the origin of the Universe is always where that wave movement that condensates into material came from. 

"A team of scientists proposes a new model of cosmic inflation that reveals how gravity and quantum mechanics may be sufficient to explain how the structure of the cosmos came into being. Credit: University of Barcelona’s Institute of Cosmos Sciences (ICCUB)" (ScitechDaily, Rewriting Physics Textbooks: Scientists Propose a Bold New Theory About the Universe’s Origins)

An interesting thing is this: if we take any particle cloud to the absolute vacuum, there are no quantum fields that cause particles' fast vaporization. Those particles turn into a wave movement. And that reaction can be extremely rough. So, a particle cloud can be the origin of the universe. But, where did those particles or the energy that forms those particles in wave-particle duality (WPD) come from? 

The new theory of the origin of the universe closes speculative fields. The idea is that gravitational waves and the quantum ripples caused reactions that formed the Universe. In this new model, the Bose-Einstein condensate gravitons caused a reaction that we know as the Big Bang. The Universe began with the well-established De Sitter cosmic state. So, the origin of the universe was in the condensed gravity waves. 

And the question is always where those gravitational waves that condensate into the cloud of Bose-Einstein graviton condensate came from. The problem is that nobody has seen gravitons yet. The other question is that the gravitational wave cannot travel in space; there is nothing. There must always be something or some kind of field that turns into particles. And could there be gravity in spacetime where there is absolutely nothing? 

In some models, the origin of the universe is in some kind of black hole eruption. This model only moves the problem of the origin of material and energy back, even if the so-called phoenix-universe model, where the universe collapses in a Big Crunch, forming a black hole where the entire material in the universe would be condensed into one small point. And then, because there were no quantum fields that could resist the black hole’s energy flow, the black hole erupted or detonated. But that model has the same problem as other models. Where was the original black hole and material that formed the universe? 

In some models, the universe formed from the field interaction. The idea of this model was that there was a field or wave movement before the Big Bang. Then, formed a hole in the wave field. That hole caused a situation where wave movement, which we can call energy, started to fall into that hole. That collapsing hole or bubble collected energy into the middle of it. And then that effect formed like some kind of vacuum bomb. Impacting waves formed the first particles, and then those particles formed other particles. And the problem is always the same. Where does that wave field come from? 

https://phys.org/news/2025-07-rethinking-big-gravity-quantum-ripples.html

https://scitechdaily.com/rewriting-physics-textbooks-scientists-propose-a-bold-new-theory-about-the-universes-origins/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Crunch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_space

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

Time, gravity, and photons.

"A representation of the evolution of the universe over 13.77 billion years. The far left depicts the earliest moment we can now probe, when a period of "inflation" produced a burst of exponential growth in the universe. (Size is depicted by the vertical extent of the grid in this graphic.) For the next several billion years, the expansion of the universe gradually slowed down as the matter in the universe pulled on itself via gravity. More recently, the expansion has begun to speed up again as the repulsive effects of dark energy have come to dominate the expansion of the universe." (NASA, Universe Expansion Funnel)

When people say that time stops in photons, they mean that a photon delivers as much energy as it gets. So the photon itself has no time. But a photon's time is bound with the universe. This means that the age of photons is connected with the universe’s existence. 

The thing is that in the young universe, energy levels and scattering effects were stronger than in the modern universe or the universe where we live. The speed of light is a cosmic constant that depends on the environment. The speed of light is higher outside the atmosphere than in water or gas. 

The distance of particles and energy level, which means the power of the radiation, determines the speed of light. And the photon's speed is always the top. Because the speed of light always increases because of the weaker quantum fields and growing distance between particles, that means the photon's speed accelerates. And then we must understand that the other particles' speed compared to the photon’s speed is the same as in the past. When the entirety’s speed rises, the speed between objects seems the same. 

When we think about claiming that the universe expands faster than light, we can say yes and no. The fact is that the speed of light in the modern universe is higher than in the young universe. So there is a possibility that in the modern universe particles can travel faster than photons traveled in the young universe. But still, those other particles’ speed is lower than the photon's speed. The expansion of the universe causes light to travel faster. But because all other particles also travel faster than that, it is hard to see. 

"An illustration (not to scale) of a primordial black hole growing to supermassive size. (Image credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva))" (Space, Tiny ‘primordial’ black holes created in the Big Bang may have rapidly grown to supermassive sizes)

The other point is that. When a photon travels out from the universe, its speed should increase. But then the gravity of the entire universe pulls the photon back. It's hard to determine how fast a photon travels outside the universe. When a photon travels outside the universe, that means the universe pulls a photon into it with its entire mass. If the photon is in the universe, there is less mass behind it than outside the universe. 

In the same way, when we are at the edge of planet Uranus’s atmosphere, the gravity seems very strong. But when we drop to the surface of the stone shell or lithosphere of that planet, we face a situation where gravity is weaker than on Earth. The same way the universe can act when something is outside it. 

 When a black hole is behind a photon, that thing pulls the photon back to it. The massive gravitational effect also pulls the wave movement longer. This means that there is a possibility that the universe would be quite hard to see outside. But that is only speculation. 

The oversized black holes can form from tiny primordial black holes in the young universe. In the young universe, those black holes were closer to each other. And that caused a situation in which they collide more often than in the modern universe. 

When we think about enormous black holes in the young universe, we must realize that those black holes formed in conditions where the energy level was higher than in the modern universe. That means energy, or quantum fields, press against a black hole more powerfully than in the modern universe. That allowed the black holes to grow to an enormous size. Those black holes could form in a whirl in the powerful radiation. And when the universe expands, maybe those black holes' event horizons grow.

When the quantum fields turn weaker, that means the black hole starts to send radiation. That radiation can cause gravitational waves. The expansion of the universe can be one of the reasons why black holes sometimes separate from their material disks. And that causes the gravitational wave bursts. The expansion of the universe causes energy to move throughout the universe. And that thing is one of the things that causes the effect called time.

https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/over-massive-black-hole-young-universe

https://www.iflscience.com/are-those-eerie-oversized-black-holes-in-the-early-universe-the-result-of-direct-collapse-74341

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12314

https://www.space.com/astronomy/black-holes/tiny-primordial-black-holes-created-in-the-big-bang-may-have-rapidly-grown-to-supermassive-sizes

Astronomers found the missing material of the universe.

 

"A simulation of the ‘cosmic web’, the vast network of threads and filaments that extends throughout the Universe. Stars, galaxies, and galaxy clusters spring to life in the densest knots of this web, and remain connected by vast threads that stretch out for many millions of light-years. These threads are invisible to the eye, but can be uncovered by telescopes such as ESA’s XMM-Newton. Credit: Illustris Collaboration / Illustris Simulation" (ScitchDaily, Astronomers Find Universe’s “Missing” Matter)

 Can energy that travels out from the cosmic web explain dark energy? 

Most of the visible material in the universe is in the cosmic web or cosmic neural structure. The energy level of that material is higher than its environment. And that makes it hard to detect material from around that structure, whose shine covers the colder material under it. The material outside the cosmic superstructure is invisible because its energy level is lower than material that is in the cosmic superstructure.

That can mean that this energy flow out from that superstructure can explain dark energy. When energy travels out from that cosmic superstructure that means that energy flow pushes particles and smaller structures away from that energy flow. There is a lot of energy that travels out from that structure. And that energy can blow the universe larger. 

The cosmic web which is the largest known megastructure is the chain of galaxy superclusters. Energy level in that structure is higher than in its environment. And that means energy flows out from that supercluster. In this text, the term missing material means baryonic material. Dark matter is a little bit harder to describe because dark matter interacts with gravity. So there should also be more dark matter in galaxies and their halos. But the problem is that nobody has seen dark matter particles. 

The missing material in the universe was found in intergalactic space. We know that galaxies are in the middle of the material halos. And there are lots of baryonic materials between galaxies. So, why could we not find that material earlier? Galaxies and their halos form the light pollution as well as cities form on Earth. The halo around galaxies and galaxies themselves are much brighter or their energy level is higher than the material between galaxies. And the other thing is that other galaxies are like a very bright light in the dark night. So, we can think of the intergalactic material as fog. 

We are observers who stand in the bright field. There are bright traffic lights all around us. The light pollution from Earth, the sun, and other stars covers the intergalactic material under it. And then we want to observe thin fog. That light pollution denies that thing. When we think about the situations in the space between galaxies and galaxy clusters, and especially outside galaxy superclusters we can say that there is a lot of missing material outside the structures. The brightness of those objects prevents us from seeing most of the baryonic material in the universe. 

The material between galactic superclusters might be even colder than the material between the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy. And that makes it almost impossible to detect that missing material. Galaxies, galactic clusters, and mega clusters form light and energy that turns the gas in those structures and superstructures more a higher energy level than gas outside the galactic superclusters. So maybe we will not even detect that very low-energy material. Because energy always travels from higher- to lower energy levels that means that material is not easy to detect. 

Light and other energy act like fog between that material and humans. The particles that are in the galactic superclusters reflect wave movement that makes it hard to see material around that energy bubble. The difference between energy levels in the galactic superclusters and the space around them must not be high. The thing that is enough is that the energy level is higher. 

The temperature of the gas outside the galactic superclusters can be the coldest in the universe. The weak radiation from distant objects covers the material from the observers. So, that causes a model where most of the baryonic material in the universe exists, not in galaxy clusters or superclusters. That material can exist in the space between the galactic superclusters. And in induction speculations, we can think that there is a lot more material outside the universe. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-find-universes-missing-matter/

The universe is not symmetric.

"The Standard Model particles and their (hypothetical) supersymmetric counterparts. This spectrum of particles is an inevitable consequence of unifying the four fundamental forces in the context of string theory, but if string theory and supersymmetry are not relevant for our Universe, this picture will serve as a mathematical curiosity only." (BigThink, The Universe is not symmetric)

The universe is not symmetric. Things like galaxies, black holes, and other gravity centers pull the plasma that forms the universe into a form that looks a little bit like an amoeba. 

The galaxy clusters can make potholes in the Universe's outer shell. That makes it look a little bit like the golf ball or some circular saw blades if the universe's geometry is not the ball. 

There are two geometric shapes in the universe. The local and global geometry. The local geometry might seem to be the ball. But the global geometry might be like the galaxy. 

The ball that we see as the universe could be only part of the structure. Outside that ball can be the structure that looks like the DVD plate. One of the reasons, why we cannot see that material disk is that the shine of the galaxies covers that lower energy material disk under it. 

This is one of the reasons why the multiverse is very hard to prove. If we think. That is in the ball-shaped part of the universe. The Higgs Field is the base energy level. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space." (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

If Ω = 1, the universe is flat.

If Ω > 1, there is positive curvature.

If Ω < 1, there is negative curvature

(Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

Only if Ω > 1 or the universe is spherical the reborn of the universe can happen. In that case, the material drops into the middle of the universe. And that should make the reborn of the universe possible. When that ultimate black hole goes into absolute vacuum, it should detonate. 

The hypothetical material disk around the ball-shaped center has a lower energy level than the Higgs Field. And then the energy level of the fields outside the universe is even lower than this material disk's energy level. In that case, the energy that comes from other hypothetical universes should travel over at least two main energy barriers.

Then that energy or radiation must travel across the energy barrier that surrounds the galactic cluster, the Milky Way, and finally the Sun. That energy barrier series means that proving the other universe's existence requires that those other hypothetical universes will be at a very high energy level. 

There is a possibility, that four fundamental interactions (Gravity, electromagetism, weak interaction, strong interaction) separated after the Big Bang a little bit different distances from that point. "The idea of unification holds that all three of the Standard Model forces, and perhaps even gravity at higher energies, are unified together in a single framework. This idea, although it remains popular and mathematically compelling, does not have any direct evidence in support of its relevance to reality." (BigThink, The Universe is not symmetric)

The idea of the Grand Unified Theory, GUT is this. All four fundamental forces have different wavelengths. The black hole or extremely powerful gravitation or energy wave can press those four fundamental interactions together. In that model, all four fundamental interactions are pressed into one common wavelength. That wavelength unites the four fundamental interactions. 

The disturbance in the shape of the universe's local geometries causes problems with calculations. If we think that we are in the middle of the quantum field, or Higgs field, which is the base energy field in the universe, we can say that things like black holes and other kinds of things can cause asymmetry in that field. The black hole should pull Higgs Field inside it. 

And that thing causes movements in that field. When black holes and other things pull and move that field. That causes stronger and weaker waves in that field. When a black hole pulls the field inside it. That means. There is less field left. If the energy field is gas or water, we could say. That there are points in that field with lower density. That means there are so-called false vacuums in that field. 

Those false vacuums or lower energy points in the energy field make it possible that the waves and fields are moving. When the Big Bang event happened, we can say that this event were multiple cases where energy fields started to travel out from a certain point. If there was a point that created the lower energy point. That caused the situation there energy started to make whirls around that point. 

The small lower energy points make the waves. And then those crossing waves make the asymmetry. When we think about the shape of the Big Bang there could be some kind of hole in the absolutely straight and stable energy field. When that energy pothole turns deep enough it causes collapse. That collapse formed the energy tower that also collapsed. 

The situation is similar to cases. In which somebody throws a stone in the water. 

That stone transfers energy to water and pushes the hole into the water. And when that hole fills. That causes the form of the water statue. That water statue falls. Causing the wave movement. Maybe the Big Bang event. Or, its beginning is the fallen energy pothole in the energy field. The question is where did that pothole come from? 

If we follow the form of the black hole models there is the possibility that the pothole formed the bubble or vacuumed the static energy field. When that bubble collapses that can cause the wave movement that travels around that place. The vacuum that collapses collects energy at one point. That thing can cause the reflection effect there that packed energy escapes from that point. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-symmetric/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_everything