Can dark matter transform planets or red dwarfs into a black hole?

 Can dark matter transform planets or red dwarfs into a black hole? 

"Black hole inside? Exoplanet observations could provide a new way to search for superheavy dark matter. (Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech)" (Physics world, Exoplanets suffering from a plague of dark matter could turn into black holes)

Theoretically, any object in the universe can transform into a black hole. That means dark matter can form a black hole like visible matter. Dark matter can also play a role in cases where small red dwarfs or planets turn into black holes. There are no observations about those planetary-sized black holes. But they can exist. 

Theoretically, black holes' relativistic jets. Or supernova explosions can turn a planet’s atmosphere into super-high temperatures. And this can cause energy to flow into the planet’s or a small star’s core. And if the gravity field travels to the front of the shockwave, that can cause a situation where the object just vanishes. 

Dark matter that travels into the small object’s core can pull that core into form. There, the self-sustaining nuclear fusion can begin. The mass of the star should be high enough that the whirls and entropy cannot break the fusion core. If the star is too light and fusion starts, it blows the star’s shell out. And that pulls the fusion core larger, causing energy loss. 

If a star is too heavy, the fusion that starts in the middle of it can be too strong. And that blows the star’s shell outside. The loss of energy causes a different situation. Gravity pulls the shell back into its form. And then the star turns into a black hole, immediately when its fusion begins. In the cases of the heaviest nebulae, the nebula can fall straight into the black hole. 

When we think about the possibility that dark matter can transform a planet into a black hole, that can happen in two ways.

1) The dark matter can move into the planet’s core and pull it into a black hole. 

2) Dark matter can form a plague on the planet’s shell. In that case, dark matter annihilation, or other interactions, can form dark energy. That dark energy that travels into the planet’s core can cause an implosion, where a small reflecting wave can make a small vacuum in the planet’s core. The idea is that dark matter doesn’t let energy travel out from that object. That can cause the planet to fall into a form. That we call a black hole. 

When a star forms, the energy level in its shell must be higher than in the core. Then that outside energy pushes particles into the form that fusion can begin. If that fusion is too strong, it detonates the star. When fusion ignites, the star blows a little bit of its mass away, and that forms rings around stars. That forms the asteroid belts around our sun. And that flash can form the situation that some other stars around that star also ignite. 

New theory suggests that dark matter can transform planets into black holes. In the original text, only giant planets are mentioned. Maybe dark matter particles can also transform less massive objects into black holes. The idea is simple. Dark matter interacts with other dark matter particles or “units”. We don’t know what dark matter is, so we could use the word “unit” to describe the dark matter centers. In this text, 'dark matter particles' refers to the same concept as the 'dark matter units”. 

We must realize that the electromagnetic fields near the gravity center are weaker than the outer shell of that field. And that makes the energy travel into the gravity center, taking particles with it. So, the idea is that dark matter units or particles can make the group or cloud. If the massive dark matter cloud travels into the planet’s core, that thing can cause the planet to collapse into a black hole. Dark matter can be massive particles that can cause a situation where the planet falls into a black hole. 

But what is dark matter, or some kind of condensed material impacts things like red dwarfs? That kind of condensed material can pull lots of energy out from that star. There is a possibility that a red dwarf will follow the route of the dark matter beam that travels to the black hole. That dwarf star can collect the dark matter in its core. And that can cause a fall into the black hole. Another scenario can be that. 

Condensed material can pull lots of energy out from a red dwarf. That can cause a situation where the red dwarf turns into a very low-energy form. If the red dwarf loses its energy production and its core turns into a too-low-energy form, the red dwarf can fall like all other stars. But can its mass and energy turn that object into a black hole? In that case, the object cannot explode if the nuclear fusion doesn’t ignite during the fall. 

The idea is that the dark matter can increase the weight of the planet’s core. Then the energy increases the planet’s atmospheric energy level. The super-hot atmosphere put energy to travel into the middle of the planet. Another model is that a planet or a small star can lose its core’s energy level. And that makes energy and matter fall into the middle of the planet. In the same way, extreme conditions near the center of Milky Way-type galaxies can cause a situation where even red or brown dwarfs start to glow hotter than they should. In that model, the density of the dark energy can cause a situation where Dark energy can make small stars glow hotter than they should. 

Can dark matter be the thing that makes the smallest known M-type stars create self-sustaining nuclear fusion? 

The dark matter interaction can also explain. Why some of the smallest known red dwarfs can maintain nuclear fusion. The idea is that the small protostar can pull dark matter into its nucleus, and that thing pulls the nucleus. And starts the nuclear fusion. 

Conditions near the galaxy center or near black holes are extremely. When a planet or a red dwarf loses energy from their core and their atmosphere turns into very high energy, that thing can push those objects into black holes. We know that dark matter is not homogeneously spread throughout the universe. There are points where the dark matter forms denser structures than at other points. So if the planet or red dwarf travels into the dark matter cloud. It can start to pull dark matter into it. 

Dark matter behaves like regular material, and that means it positions itself into a planet’s core, or a red dwarf's core. That can cause a situation where that planet or a small star collapses into a black hole. The thing that can press even a small planet into a black hole can be a situation where a condensed photon beam takes all the energy from the planet’s core. Then the high-energy shell and atmosphere press the planet into the singularity. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/exoplanets-suffering-from-a-plague-of-dark-matter-could-turn-into-black-holes/

https://scitechdaily.com/can-dark-matter-turn-giant-planets-into-black-holes/

Can a binary star's planet host lifeforms?

"A strange new planet has been found circling two stars at a right angle — like something out of sci-fi. It’s the first solid evidence of a so-called polar orbit around a binary system. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Planet Found Orbiting Two Stars at a Perfect 90-Degree Angle)

The polar planet that orbits the binary star at a 90-degree angle can host life. There is only one of those polar exoplanets known. That planet orbits two brown dwarfs. So it will not host lifeforms. But it tells that the polar exoplanets exist. 

There is the possibility that if the planet orbits the binary star at a perfect 90-degree angle to the star's layer. That thing makes it possible that there are lifeforms on that planet. The binary stars are quite complicated things. And if the planet's orbital angle is perfect conditions on that planet can be stable. That can offer the harbor for life. 

The planet can also lie to the binary star. That means the binary star can be like any star. The planetary systems can form around the stars. Or the star can capture rogue planets around it. There is the model that the rogue planets are the most common planet types in the universe. Those planets can form in supernova remnants or when some cosmic shockwave travels through the small molecular clouds. 

"This is an artist’s impression of the exoplanet 2M1510 (AB) b’s unusual orbit around its host stars, a pair of brown dwarfs. The newly discovered planet has a polar orbit, which is perpendicular to the plane in which the two stars are traveling. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada" (ScitechDaily, Planet Found Orbiting Two Stars at a Perfect 90-Degree Angle)

"Using ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), astronomers have found an exoplanet orbiting a pair of peculiar stars at an angle of 90 degrees. There have previously been hints that these so-called polar planets around two stars could exist, but we now have clear evidence that this is the case. This special system was found by observing the orbital path of the two stars being pushed and pulled in a way that could only be explained by the presence of a planet on a polar orbit. This video summarizes the discovery, explaining the nature of these peculiar stars and the method astronomers used to find this odd planet. Credit: ESO" (ScitechDaily, Planet Found Orbiting Two Stars at a Perfect 90-Degree Angle)

In that case, the planet axle is in the same direction as the binary star, so participants can orbit each other at close distance. 

Can act as the lone star. In that case. Those planets have night and day like on Earth. The other versions are so-called open or long-distance binary- or multiple stars. There is the possibility that both of those stars have their own planetary systems. Maybe those planets have not night at all. 

The binary star systems are more common than the lone star systems. In the 1990s most researchers thought that binary stars could not have planets because their gravity effect would destroy the protoplanet. 

Today we know. Also, binary stars have planets. The fact is that almost every red dwarf that we know has exoplanet systems. So, we can expand that model to other stars. That means that almost all stars should have planetary systems. Things like Barnard star's planetary systems tell us that the smallest red dwarfs can have multiple planets around them. Barnard's star is roughly larger than Jupiter's. And it has four planets.

https://scitechdaily.com/planet-found-orbiting-two-stars-at-a-perfect-90-degree-angle/

https://scitechdaily.com/a-century-old-cosmic-mystery-solved-four-hidden-planets-found-near-earth/

Researchers found the second Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of the TOI 700 system.

"Newly discovered Earth-size planet TOI 700 e orbits within the habitable zone of its star in this illustration. Its Earth-size sibling, TOI 700 d, can be seen in the distance. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Robert Hurt" (ScitechDaily.com/NASA Planet Hunter Discovers Second Habitable, Earth-Size World in TOI 700 System)

The light exoplanet must be at a longer distance from its star, than the heavy exoplanet that liquid water can exist on its surface. The weak gravitation decreases boiling temperature. And that means the distance to the central star must be longer in the case of weak gravitation planets than in strong gravitation planets. 

If we think that liquid water is the only requirement for life, we must realize that a weak gravitational field decreases the boiling temperature. That means a light exoplanet's habitable zone is at a longer distance from its central star, than a heavy exoplanet. 

So lightweight exoplanet that is quite far away from its star can host life. And heavy exoplanet must be closer to its star so that liquid water can exist on its surface. 

TOI 700 is a red dwarf star in the Dorado constellation, about 101,4 light-years from Earth. The remarkable thing is that the red dwarf has two Earth-size exoplanets in the habitable zone. And that thing causes re-estimation about the descriptions of planets. The TOI 700 system is an extremely compact-size system. 

The TOI 700's surface temperature is about 3000-3500 celsius. And its habitable zone is much thinner than the Sun's habitable zone. So two Earth-size exoplanets in the habitable zone mean those exoplanets are orbiting their star almost by the same trajectory. This is one of the most interesting details about the TOI 700 system.  

We believed that two planets cannot orbit their star by following the same trajectory. But the TOI 700 has shown that two planets might be almost at the same orbiter. That means that also bigger stars can have similar exoplanets. 

The gravitation, not the planet's size, determines if there is liquid water. 

When we search for exoplanets and especially habitable exoplanets. We are facing one thing. There are lots of larger rocky planets than Earth. But some of those exoplanets are lighter than Earth even if they are over 2 times bigger than Earth. 

There are no heavy elements in those exoplanets' mantle or core. And that means their gravitational field is weaker than Earth's. Even their size is bigger. And that is one of the most interesting details in searching for life. 

A weak gravitational field decreases the gas pressure and boiling temperature. 

The exoplanet GJ 436b is a heavy exoplanet. Its gravitation pulls water to ice on its surface. So that thing gives the nickname "world of burning ice for GJ 436b  But there could be an opposite case about the GJ 436b. 

The opposite case could be the lightweight exoplanet that orbits quite far away from its sun. A long-distance allows water could be liquid even if the gravitation is weak. On light exoplanets, the boiling temperature is lower than on heavy exoplanets. 

So if we think only the liquid water the habitable zone of lightweight exoplanets is at a longer distance than heavy exoplanets' habitable zone. And that thing makes this a very interesting thing. 

https://futurism.com/the-strangest-exoplanet-ever

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-planet-hunter-discovers-second-habitable-earth-size-world-in-toi-700-system/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOI_700

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/