Exploding white dwarfs and neutron stars uncover primordial black holes.

“Primordial black holes may pass through white dwarfs and ignite a subset of Type Ia supernovae. New models suggest these hidden encounters could reproduce observed explosion signatures while leaving distinctive chemical traces across the Milky Way. Credit: SciTechDaily.com. “(ScitechDaily, Invisible Black Holes Could Be Triggering Supernovae)

It is possible that so-called hidden black holes can trigger white dwarf explosions. The so-called primordial black holes could be very small. They can form a shell that resembles a planet or even a dwarf planet. Those very small black holes can sometimes impact white dwarfs. Or even neutron stars or magnetars. When a small primordial black hole impacts a white dwarf. 

This event causes a strong nuclear reaction. The carbon atoms in the white dwarf melt together. That primordial black hole is so small that it cannot pull the white dwarf into it in one bite. The black hole rips the white dwarf into pieces. And turns it into liquid or gas. Before. It pulls that matter inside it.

The white dwarf does not involve van der Waals bonds. Atoms, mainly oxygen and carbon, are very close together. That causes collapse in their electron shells. Those atoms are actually in the form. They are extremely ionized. If some energy impact, like a GRB or FRB, hits that thing. It can cause a Type 1a supernova. 

“Schematic Illustration of a Primordial Black Hole Passing Through a White Dwarf. Schematic illustration of the primordial black hole passing through a white dwarf. Along its trajectory, the gravitational force of the passing black hole creates tidal heating. “(ScitechDaily, Invisible Black Holes Could Be Triggering Supernovae)

“To the surrounding matter inside the white dwarf. As the heated matter reaches the threshold temperature (<~0.5 billion Kelvin), the hydrostatic carbon burning will exceed the neutrino cooling, creating an uncontrolled burning. “(ScitechDaily, Invisible Black Holes Could Be Triggering Supernovae)

When. The burning zone is large enough. The heated matter can form. A local thermonuclear runaway which triggers the later Type Ia supernova explosion. Credit: Generated using Gemini AI (Banana Pro)) (ScitechDaily, Invisible Black Holes Could Be Triggering Supernovae)

“A Type Ia supernova (read: "type one-A") is a supernova that occurs in binary systems (two stars orbiting one another) in which one of the stars is a white dwarf. The other star can be anything from a giant star to an even smaller white dwarf. ” ”(Wikipedia, Type 1a Supernova)

“Physically, carbon–oxygen white dwarfs with a low rate of rotation are limited to below 1.44 solar masses (M☉). Beyond this "critical mass", they reignite and in some cases trigger a supernova explosion; this critical mass is often referred to as the Chandrasekhar mass, but is marginally different from the absolute Chandrasekhar limit, where electron degeneracy pressure is unable to prevent catastrophic collapse.”(Wikipedia, Type 1a Supernova)

If. There are electrons in the core. That doesn’t form the fusion. Oxygen and carbon ions. There. Atomic cores are against each other without electron shells. The strong energy load causes a situation. There, those ions melt together. Releasing lots of energy. 

Another thing that releases energy is the fusion between carbon atoms. That reaction releases an extremely strong energy load. Another version of the white dwarf explosion can be the case. There, the black hole’s energy beam hits the white dwarf. That could cause a fusion reaction between carbon and oxygen atoms. That combination is the most common in white dwarfs. Another version is the heavy white dwarfs. These are formed of carbon and neon. 

The same way as when a small black hole faces a neutron star. This means that the neutron star’s iron shell detonates immediately. The detonation cannot destroy the neutron core. But the effect is extremely rough. The neutron bonds can resist that power. But the neutron star. It sends gamma- and X-ray radiation. 

A black hole’s gravity field. It can turn a neutron star into neutron smoke. That releases a lot of energy in that reaction. Those reactions can uncover the existence of the primordial black holes. The primordial black hole is the thing. That could detonate a white dwarf or neutron star. The detonation. That happens in a lone white dwarf. 

If a white dwarf detonates. Without visible reason. That could uncover a small black hole.  Same way, if a neutron star starts to send unexpected X- or gamma-rays. And there are no observable material disks. Or some marks of a merger with another neutron star. That thing can be the thing. That uncovers the existence of low-mass black holes. 

https://scitechdaily.com/invisible-black-holes-could-be-triggering-supernovae/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova

Reseachers found missing fermionic (or baryonic) matter.

 

"Caption:Simulated gas distribution (blue, green, and yellow colors) around galaxies (white dots on the image). The study finds that gas in our Universe extends farther from galaxies than most simulations predict, indicating strong activity from galaxies that have expelled gas away from galaxy groups.Credit: IllustrisTNG" (MIT News, Diffuse puffs of “missing” matter surround most galaxies)

Reseachers found missing fermionic (or baryonic) matter. And could that be the route to finding the source of dark energy?

Could the extremely cold material cloud outside the universe be the reason for the universe’s expansion? If there is an extremely cold material cloud in space. Its energy minimum is lower than that in the observable universe. That makes that matter invisible. That means that. The dark energy. That expands the universe. It could be the virtual effect. Caused by the hypothetical “universal Oort Cloud” of the fermionic material outside the visible universe. Here I write fermionic. The reason for that is that matter must not be in protons and neutrons. Those particles are baryons. And atoms are baryonic objects. But. Those hypothetical clouds. They can be free quarks or some other fermions like low-energy electrons. So here I use fermionic instead of baryonic.

"The spatial distribution of fast radio burst signal across the sky (above), compared against the galaxy distributions (below). The study has found a significant correlation between the two distributions, revealing missing baryonic matter in the Universe.Credit: Haochen Wang" (MIT News, Diffuse puffs of “missing” matter surround most galaxies)

Reseachers found missing fermionic matter in space between galaxies and galaxy clusters. This means this. There could be lots of matter in the universe. We cannot see it because we are in our solar system and galaxy. The temperature in our solar system is higher than outside the partially hypothetical Oort Cloud and the Kuiper belt. This makes it hard to detect weak IR objects outside the heliopause. The small dwarf planets and asteroids outside Pluto’s orbit are confirmed. 

Most of those objects are maybe metric or centimeter class. The diameter of the Oort Cloud is a mystery. But many times. When people talk about the Kuiper belt and Oort Cloud, they mean the same thing. The asteroid and dust cloud around the solar system. The size of that cloud is enormous. And that means that it causes scattering effects. That makes it hard to get an IR signature from objects that are behind it. The warmer objects cover those colder objects behind them. Even if the temperature difference between those objects is less than a degree. Energy travels to a lower-energy area. 

Kuiper belt and Oort Cloud. Could. This kind of structure? But on a larger scale. Surround the entire universe? If the ultimate large-scale version of matter cloud surrounds the universe. That thing could cause a gravitational effect that expands the universe. We could see this kind of material structure and its interaction as dark energy. If. Energy travels only to that cloud. That makes it invisible. If the energy level of reflection is lower. 

Same way. The temperature in our galaxy, along with brightness, is higher than outside it. This means that the Oort Cloud and matter in our galaxy extend beyond our galaxy. Matter in our galaxy and in our solar system shines brighter.  Than matter outside it. The reason for that is the scattering of light from our Sun and billions of other stars. We can compare this situation with cases where we drive a car in a snowstorm. When we turn on our headlights, we can see only the snow. The reason for that is reflection from the snowflakes. This means inside the universe and outside it. Could be a similar effect. 

Then the energy level in the universe is. There can be lots of matter that we cannot see, because it's so cold.  Here I mean fermionic matter. And the shine of other material covers it under its IR brightness. And of course. Dark matter is one of the mysteries. 

“The filament is made up of hot intergalactic gas (shown in mottled black-yellow), a type of ‘ordinary matter’ that has proven really difficult for astronomers to find.” (ESA)

There is a possibility that the temperature outside the universe could be below the energy minimum inside the universe. This means that energy moves out from the universe. And if there is no such high-energy reflection, it can travel back into the universe. That can cause a situation where we cannot see that matter. For sending. A reflection that can penetrate the universe. The reflecting particle. It must have such a high energy level. That the energy in that reflection. Is higher than the energy level in the universe. 

But reseachers found missing matter outside the galaxies. And outside the galaxy clusters. This means that high-energy reactions. They can throw matter out from the galaxy clusters. This causes. An idea.  That maybe there is lots of matter that is even harder to detect. But the Kuiper belt and Oort Cloud. They can be used as a base for conclusions. 

When the diameter of the galaxies is about 100 million light-years. The diameter. The missing material cloud is about 4-5 billion light-years. So could there be a large material cloud outside the visible universe? That material cloud of extremely low-energy matter could pull the universe outward. So, could that kind of material cloud explain dark energy as a virtual effect? The reason for the virtual effect could be extremely low-energy material outside the visible universe. 

https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/XMM-Newton/The_models_were_right_astronomers_find_missing_matter

https://www.livescience.com/space/astronomy/much-more-violent-than-predicted-a-chunk-of-the-universes-missing-matter-was-powerfully-hurled-out-of-galaxies

https://news.mit.edu/2026/missing-matter-diffuse-puffs-surround-most-galaxies-0721

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud

Dark matter and black holes.

"Artistic rendering of Penrose super-radiance: electromagnetic waves with selected rotation patterns are amplified as they interact with a system that appears to rotate at superluminal speeds. Credit: Dalila Pasotti and Hadiseh Nasari" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Just Turned a Black Hole Energy Theory Into Reality)

Could an extremely fast-spinning particle explain dark matter? The particle is the combination of the particle and its quantum field. The quantum field surrounds a particle like a halo. And we can think of the halo that surrounds the particle as particles that orbit in a synchrotron. This means that when that quantum field orbits the particle. That quantum field. That is like a wire or string around the particle that sends a photon. 

So when the particle starts to spin fast enough in its quantum field. Or maybe the particle’s quantum field orbits in the opposite direction to itself. That can help. To create a situation where the particle starts to collect energy and conduct it. Into its spin axle. 

That spin binds energy from the quantum field. Or a quantum string that surrounds the particle. If the particle’s spin turns fast enough. It starts to bind so much energy from the string around the particle. It starts to act like a thermal pump. The fast-spinning particle starts to drive. Energy into its spin axle. And that makes dark matter particles. Hypothetical WIMPs. (Weakly Interacting Massive particles) invisible. The idea is that the particle binds energy and conducts it in a way. That its energy level is lower. Than outside space. 

Bremsstrahlung radiation is produced by a high-energy electron deflected in the electric field of an atomic nucleus. This model can be improved by modeling quantum strings around atoms at the positions of electron orbitals. When that quantum string orbits the particle. That thing sends. A wave movement similar to bremsstrahlung radiation. 

Because black holes stretch everything. That means a stretched photon can steal energy from a black hole’s event horizon.

There is a possibility. That WIMP is a small black hole. 

In some models, WIMPs are the quarks or quark-electron pairs. That is united into one entirety. So if one quark is pressed into another quark. Or electron and quark. They are combined into one entirety. That could be the form of the WIMP. This means that it’s possible that WIMPs formed in the fusion of some elementary particles.  But those things are only speculation. 

This model is taken from black holes. The black hole spins very fast. Its halo pumps energy into the event horizon. The plasma halo and material disk. They are the highest energy areas. In the universe. The black hole and its singularity. They bind energy from that halo. So, if we want to create a small black hole. We must only push quarks inside each other using the quantum field of the particle. So we should only create the symmetrical laser light that pushes quarks inside the photon into each other. 

In the same way, a black hole is surrounded by the quantum field. The halo surrounds the event horizon like a ring. Sir Roger Penrose once suggested that black holes’ energy. It can benefit from using particles that divide just before they impact the event horizon. Those particles form quantum entanglement. 

That is possible. Because a photon can multiply itself. Or rather saying. The photon can decay into two lower-energy parts. This thing is known as: “Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (also known as SPDC, parametric fluorescence or parametric scattering) is a nonlinear instant optical process that converts one photon of higher energy (namely, a pump photon) into a pair of photons (namely, signal and idler photons) of lower energy, in accordance with the laws of energy conservation and momentum conservation. It is an important process in quantum optics for the generation of entangled photon pairs and of single photons.” (Wikipedia, Spontaneous parametric down-conversion). 

In a black hole’s extremely high-energy environment. That photon pair’s energy levels can rise to very high levels.  Because black holes stretch everything. That means a stretched photon can steal energy from a black hole’s event horizon. As I wrote before. 

Then a massive energy impulse starts to travel away from the particle. That is near the event horizon. The energy travels through quantum entanglement. And kicks another upper particle away. That particle transfers energy into the black hole’s halo. Energy that travels just from the point of the event horizon. It can kick particles away. This could be the thing that can be used someday. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-just-turned-a-black-hole-energy-theory-into-reality/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Raspberry sugar is found in interstellar space.

“The Milky Way's galactic center, as captured by the Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared. One new study has found sugar in interstellar space near the center of our galaxy. (Image credit: NASA/Caltech/Susan Stolovy (SSC, Caltech)).” (Space.com, Raspberry sugar spotted in interstellar space, a sweet discovery that could reveal clues about life's origins)

Researchers say that this is evidence of sugar formation outside the cells. On Earth, flora forms sugar. Chlorophyll converts light and nutrients into sugars. But the same reaction can happen without cells. And that is one of the most interesting and at the same time. Disappointing findings in history. In the past, sugars were thought to be clues to life. Or some people thought that sugars were fingerprints of life. 

But new findings show something else. This means that life is more complicated than people thought. And finding life in the universe is more difficult than people thought. Those findings about the sugar in interstellar space. They are still interesting. The possibility that the sugars can form spontaneously. 

Without cells. It can mean that life itself. It can be. Quite. A common thing. But intelligent and higher organisms are rare. This means that some prokaryotes. They can be found more commonly than people thought. But higher multicelled organisms. They are very rare. 

Anyway. Those sugars cause a need to rethink. About methods to search for life. We can find new solar systems. And then we must realize that there is no common mode. That can fit all solar systems. Every solar system is, in any way, unique. And if there are other organisms. Those organisms adapted to their home planet. 

So this means that. Even hellish planets are a paradise for their endemic organisms. This doesn’t mean that those organisms can survive on Earth. Modelling the habitable planet. It's not as easy as people think. Things like water layers, gravity, and radiation. Including the type of star that it orbits and the age of the star. They determine if life is possible. But there are many variables. 

https://www.space.com/astronomy/raspberry-sugar-spotted-in-interstellar-space-a-sweet-discovery-that-could-reveal-clues-about-lifes-origins

https://www.space.com/space-exploration/search-for-life/searching-for-alien-life-new-model-could-help-scientists-home-in-on-habitable-exoplanets

That finding causes an interesting thought about life. 

The big question is always. Can there be lifeforms without planets? 

SciFi writer and astronomer Fred Hoyle introduced the possibility that all living creatures. They don’t need planets. In his novel “The Black Cloud,” Hoyle introduced an organism. That seemed like a black cloud. There is a theoretical possibility. That is the diatomic structure. It can protect living cells. The cell could remain in hypothermic or cryostatic rest while it travels through interstellar space. 

When that cloud comes to the solar system. That thermal energy. It can wake those cells back to life. The space between stars is calm. The environment is very stable. And that means the DNA and mitochondria of those cells. They can keep their form. The cell can be a vegetable cell. 

But what if we create artificial cells? That can create electricity for computers. And neurons that can communicate with microchips? That kind of system. It could be fundamental. 

Or. If we want to think about intelligent clouds. The cell can be. Hybrid neuron vegetable and fungi cell. That intelligent lichen. It could be the base for the futuristic biohybrid microchips. The fungi and algae feed the neuron. That communicates with microchips. Maybe someday we could create those systems. They might get electricity from cells that create electricity. That kind of bioelectric system. They can be futuristic computers. That can create electricity from the fertilizer. 

There is also a possibility that viruses. They can travel through interstellar space. And it's possible. That's some of those viruses. They can cause epidemics on Earth. Viruses are more likely candidates for interstellar travelers than bacteria. Viruses have no metabolism of their own. And they can keep their DNA or RNA in its form for thousands of years. If the environment is stable. And the temperature is almost absolute zero. 

Simulations confirm. The black hole can evaporate.

“The one thing we all 'know' about black holes is that nothing escapes their ineluctable grasp. That is mostly true, but since the 1970s, physicists have predicted that black holes could slowly lose energy. In the form of thermal radiation. This is Hawking radiation, and while it has been recreated in laboratory analogs, the mechanism whereby it siphons energy from a black hole, known as backreaction, has remained elusive. Now, in a black hole analog made of – ironically – light, a team of physicists led by Lorenzo Procopio of Paderborn University in Germany has observed. An analog of Hawking radiation backreaction.” (ScienceAlert, Physicists Simulated a Black Hole in a Lab. Then It Started to 'Evaporate'.)

A photon can steal energy just from the event horizon. The point where the escape velocity reaches the speed of light. Not inside it. So this means that Hawking radiation. It can come from the “surface” of the event horizon. Or maybe those photons make a small hole. Into that event horizon. And the big question is: could Hawking radiation be the dark energy? This means that the hypothetical WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). That could form dark matter. That can be the source of the dark energy. This model suggests that impacting WIMPs are the source of the dark energy. 

New simulations confirm black hole evaporation. That observation tells us that the material disk around a black hole plays a very important role in a black hole’s existence. Today reseachers suggest that nothing can escape from a black hole. But new simulations tell us that the Hawking radiation can be real. It is possible that Hawking radiation forms as a photon travels through the event horizon. Short moment. The photon is on both sides of the event horizon. And that means it can send another photon. If the photon’s energy level is lower than in and out of the event horizon. The low-energy photon can absorb energy. This is one vision of how the Hawking radiation can form. The black hole interacts like a cold object. The reason for that is in the spin. Fast-spinning ultra-degenerate material. 

That can bind quantum fields from around it. As long as the energy level in the black hole’s singularity is lower than outside. That means outside energy keeps the black hole in its form. The ultra-fast spin binds energy from around it. The spinning singularity binds energy. Until the energy level in its plasma halo or transition disks. Turns out to be lower energy than the energy level. In the event horizon is. When a black hole’s energy level grows. And its spin accelerates. It requires more and more energy to keep information inside it. 

This means that. The material disk around the black hole turns larger. This process accelerates the singularity. But if someday it happens that. The spin on the black hole’s singularity decreases. That singularity delivers energy. And that process can explain evaporation. When the speed of the black hole’s spin slows. It delivers wave movement. And that can cause Hawking radiation. And the evaporation of the black hole. The low-energy photon that touches the event horizon. The point. The black hole’s escaping velocity reaches the speed of light. That photon can steal energy.

"The accretion disk of NGC 4151 is shown blue, immediately surrounding the galaxy’s central black hole. Scientists, including University of Michigan astronomers, are showing how winds or outflows from the accretion disk reshape its host galaxy. The winds are shown as wispy light blue lines blowing across the more orange clouds surrounding the black hole. Credit: JAXA" (ScitechDaily, XRISM Reveals Galaxy-Shaping Winds Erupting From a Supermassive Black Hole)

Not from inside the black hole. From the black hole’s event horizon. The point where the escaping velocity reaches the speed of light is clear and sharp. And if a low-energy photon reaches that point. The photon can form a small tunnel between it and even the horizon. The photon steals energy just from the point of the event horizon. This means that the low-energy photons. They form small waves in that event horizon. 

The black hole itself is invisible. But we can see them through their interaction. The material disks around them are very high-energy objects. Black holes pack material around them. So that means there could also be other high-mass black holes near the Milky Way’s center. Because calculations don’t match reality. That means there are some unknown objects and components in that region. One of the components that can cause problems in the fit calculations. And observations together. That is the dark matter. Dark matter that interacts through gravitation. It can also form.  An invisible matter disk.  Around the black hole. That invisible disk might not follow the form of a visible matter disk. 

Dark matter can form an invisible matter disk around a black hole. We don’t see the black hole itself. We see it's a matter of an acceleration disk. When the speed of that matter rises. And high-energy radiation hits that matter. Its energy level and weight rise. That can cause a situation. There, the calculations and observations don’t match. When the particle changes its direction. It sends light quanta. This means. The outer edge of the matter disk should send some kind of radiation. If dark matter behaves like visible matter. That invisible material disk. That dark matter forms around the black hole. It can send wave movement like visible matter. This supports the model that dark energy could form. In the mutual interaction of dark matter particles. 

In some models, the black hole. It can also pull only dark matter inside it. If that can happen, the black hole would be invisible. The thing that determines whether this hypothesis is true or false.  Is it the strange gamma-ray glow? There is a possibility that dense-packed dark matter. It can form a gamma-ray. That gamma-ray glow. It can come straight from those hypothetical dark matter particles. Or it could be emission radiation. When those hypothetical dark matter particles. They pack densely enough. And impact often enough with the visible matter particles. That can form the gamma-ray glow. 

Black holes are ultra-massive objects. But they are gravity centers. This means that black holes. They have static orbiter trajectories. That causes an effect. That the black holes might have planets. But the supermassive black hole is in the center of the galaxy. Sagittarius A. Or Sgr*A will not pull all dust inside it. Some part of the dust around Sgr* A. It could orbit it in a static trajectory. That is one of the interesting details about Sgr A and all other black holes. 

This means that. The center of the Milky Way is far more complicated. Then, just as in a region, there are black holes that pull matter inside them. And rip everything in pieces. This means that there are whirls where particles impact. In the same way, eruptions in Sgr*A can cause energy flow in the material. And that increases entropy. 

The glow of black hole formation happens. In its material disks. The entropy causes friction. That makes that disk glow. Quantum fields travel into black holes a little bit faster. Than. Particles travel in that disk. This causes a situation. There, the field transports energy. Into the material. This causes a glow in the black hole’s material disk. Entropy in the material disk causes the glow. This means that if the black hole could pull material inside it. Without forming that disk. 

The black hole would be invisible. But that case is impossible. All matter and wave motion. Which travels into the black hole follows the spiral trajectory. The reason for that. All particles travel into the black hole from different angles. That thing causes whirls. Those whirls. They form friction that causes particles to glow. Another thing. That can make a black hole invisible. That is a brighter gamma- and X-ray source than the black hole. If the black hole is in an extremely.  High energy area. Its material disk and its glow. Hide under the brighter entirety. 

https://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/news/science-mct/space/astronomers-think-theyve-just-spotted-an-invisible-black-hole-for-the-first-time/

https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-simulated-a-black-hole-in-a-lab-then-it-started-to-evaporate

https://www.sciencealert.com/something-far-darker-than-a-black-hole-could-hide-in-the-heart-of-the-milky-way

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-black-hole-isnt-tearing-everything-apart-new-observations-reveal-a-surprise/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-mysterious-glow-may-be-dark-matter-after-all/

https://scitechdaily.com/xrism-reveals-galaxy-shaping-winds-erupting-from-a-supermassive-black-hole/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark matter is not ruled out as the cause of the Milky Way's strange glow.

“An image of the gamma-ray excess observed at the center of the Milky Way, overlaid on an optical image of the galaxy. Scientists have debated the origin of this excess and whether it could be caused by dark matter for more than a decade. Credit: NASA; A. Mellinger/Central Michigan University; T. Linden/University of Chicago” (ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Mysterious Glow May Be Dark Matter After All)

Milky Way’s strange glow. The high-energy gamma-ray emission caused grey hair among astronomers. There is suspicion that the annihilating dark matter. It can cause the gamma-ray glow. This suggests that gamma-ray emission can occur when high-density dark matter particles collide. That can explain why this halo seems to come from the Sagittarius A. Sgr*A. Or around it. This means that the dark matter. 

It can form a similar material disk. Around the SgrA as visible matter. The material disk around the Sgr*A. It is one. Of the highest energy objects in the universe. This means that. The energy level in the dark matter material disk would be enormous. But can dark matter send gamma-rays? That is one of the things that answers require more observations. If there is some kind of annihilation between those dark matter particles. 

That should require. That. There is also an anti-matter version of the dark matter. This means that the hypothetical dark matter particles. They should have an anti-particle pair. But nobody has seen a dark matter particle yet. The glow can also form. In the friction between dark matter particles in the extremely dense energy field. But if dark matter sends gamma-rays. That causes this glow. 

The gamma-ray glow. It can come directly from dark matter. Or it can be an emission radiation from other particles. This means that in an extremely high-energy area. The matter moves very fast. This can cause a situation. That dark energy that the dark matter sends. It can cause visible interaction with some material particles. The glow could also form. When dark matter particles hit electrons. If those impacts happen often enough. That thing. It can raise the energy level in those visible particles. That we can see that reaction. 

There is a model about dark matter. The idea is that dark matter actually glows. Or we could see that thing. But the glow from the visible particles covers that glow below it. If dark matter particles send dark energy. That energy could have such a short wavelength. That gamma-rays could cover that thin layer below it. If that is right. The dark matter particle. It’s a very small and high-energy particle. There is a model. That's the dark matter particles. They are the same as mythical gravitons. 

The idea is that. The dark matter particle. It is a quantum-sized black hole. If that is right. The quantum-sized black holes. Smaller than quarks. They can also send dark energy. Those quantum black holes. They have similar halos, energy disks, and relativistic jets. As normal black holes  have. Those things are only a far smaller size. So, when those halos and transition disks impact each other. That thing can send gamma-rays. If that model. It's true. The relativistic jet that those black holes form. It can turn into a superstring. 

In this model. In the middle of every single particle is a quantum-size black hole. The shell of the particle. It will be the halo of those extremely small black holes. 

This means that those quantum-sized relativistic jets are things. That makes particles pull each other. When that quantum jet hits a lower-energy particle. That lower energy particle. Pulls energy from that string. That will pull the other particle. To that lower energy particle. Or rather saying. Lower energy particle. It pulls fields to it. Then that field falls. The higher energy particle. Then that higher-energy particle points its relativistic jet at another particle. And then. The lower energy particle pulls. The higher energy particle. To it.

This could explain many things. Like annihilation. The annihilation forms. When opposite-spinning quantum fields touch each other.  This means that. This effect is similar to the collimation of the larger black holes. That can explain the gamma-ray burst in annihilation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-mysterious-glow-may-be-dark-matter-after-all/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*

Can we accept? That there are galaxies without dark matter.

“This Hubble image shows the stars of ultra-diffuse galaxy DF9, along with a series of background objects, mostly galaxies, located at much greater distances. DF9 makes almost a perfect line, at least in two-dimensional space, with previously identified dark matter-free candidate galaxies DF2 and DF4, suggesting, but not proving, a possible association."

"Credit: M.A. Keim et al., Hubble Space Telescope/ESA/NASA, Astrophysical Journal, 2026” (BigThink, Is it finally time to take dark matter-free galaxies seriously?)

The reason. Why ultra diffuse galaxies? Spin differently than they should. It can be in their formation. The galaxies have only a couple of stars. Normally, those galaxies involve more dark matter than usual. And some of the ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDG). Formed almost entirely of dark matter. Dark matter keeps those galaxies in their form.  But there are UDGs without dark matter. 

This means that there must be a weaker electromagnetic interaction between stars than usual. Or the spin of the galaxy is slow. The question is. What is the dark matter's role as a wave transporter? We know that wave. It cannot move in an absolute vacuum. So, is dark matter some kind of “ether”? Things that can transport wave movement. But itself be unseen? Or is there interaction between dark matter particles? And could that energy be the mythic dark energy? That means. Dark energy could have its source in dark matter. 

There are four possible galaxies. There seems to be no dark matter. Those galaxies. If they have no dark matter. That doesn’t prove dark matter non-existent. They prove that dark matter is matter like all other matter. It could be oscillating superstrings. When those superstrings move. They could form small whirls. That acts like materia. But the galaxy without dark matter supports a model. That dark energy source is in dark matter. And dark matter could have a particle form. 

The galaxy without dark matter seems very rare. The only known force that interacts with dark matter. It's gravity. The galaxy without dark matter suggests that there must be another force. That should transport dark matter away from the galaxy. The galaxy without dark matter. Tells. That. Dark matter should form similar structures to visible matter. Or at least dark matter should form some kind of nebulae in the universe. The idea that dark matter is not homogeneously spread. 

The universe is interesting. The point. There is no dark matter. That is interesting. If the only thing that affects dark matter is gravitation. The gravitational center. It should pack dark matter around it. But a galaxy that has no dark matter. Causes thoughts. That may be dark energy has its source in dark matter. Dark matter. It could have a similar evaporation process to visible matter. If dark matter has a particle form. It should have a similar evaporation process. 

As visible particles. This means that dark matter. It should send a wave movement. And another particle that this wave motion can affect is another dark matter particle. When we think about particle interactions. There are a couple of things that make interaction visible. The interaction must affect a large enough area. It can push the receiving particle. The interaction must stand. As long as it can affect another particle's behavior. 

But then what makes a particle visible? That is the size of the particle. The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that a particle sends is the same as its diameter. This means. Particles must transmit radiation or wave motion. In wavelengths that we can see. If the size of those hypothetical dark matter particles. It is far different than well- or less well-known particles. That means. We cannot see that particle. The visible particle. It must send. Some radiation is between gamma rays and radio waves. Or it must send gravitational waves. That position in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is unknown. 

The problem with dark matter is this. Nobody has seen that matter yet. Dark matter is predicted to form in the same Big Bang as visible matter.  But it’s only a theorem. It’s possible that dark matter is formed in a different stage of the Big Bang than visible matter. This causes an interesting idea. 

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Key Takeaways

Less than a decade ago, the first allegedly dark matter-free galaxy, a dwarf galaxy on the outskirts of the NGC 1052 group (NGC 1052-DF2) was identified: a seemingly faint, massive, ultra-diffuse galaxy.

An enormous controversy then erupted, as different methods of measuring its distance led to vastly different estimates of its velocity dispersion, which led to vastly different implications for its internal amount of dark matter.

We’re now up to four seemingly dark matter-free galaxies, but three of them are all in the same location: the outskirts of the NGC 1052 group. Are these truly dark matter-free galaxies? Or did we simply get their distances grossly wrong?

(BigThink, Is it finally time to take dark matter-free galaxies seriously?)

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What if dark matter or most of dark matter formed just before visible matter? That thing could explain dark energy. That means. Outside the universe and galaxies could be structures. That's like the Oort Cloud. The brightness of galaxies. That can cover those structures below it. 

This means that. The dark matter surrounds the universe like the Oort cloud surrounds the solar system. Those clouds could cause gravitational interaction. That pulls the entire universe outward. If there is no resistance outside that hypothetical dark matter disk. 

The model is that. The disk surrounds the universe. And orbits it. That means it could pull energy from the universe faster than it should. The reason for that is this. The universe. It's the only higher-energy object in this disk. The space outside that “Universe’s Oort Cloud”. It is at a lower energy level. That causes a reaction. There, that disk delivers that energy into outer space. 

The inner layer of that hypothetical disk. It is at a higher energy level. And its outer layer is in a lower energy level than the universe. This causes a situation. There, the energy travels straight through that material disk. Because energy travels in one direction. That energy pushes the material disk away. And that pulls the universe and its edge behind it. In some models. There is a plasma shockwave that surrounds the universe.

“The distance from the Oort cloud to the interior of the Solar System, and two of the nearest stars, is measured in astronomical units. The scale is logarithmic: each indicated distance is ten times as far out as the previous distance. The red arrow indicates the projected location, in 2025–2027, of the space probe Voyager 1, which may reach the Oort cloud about 300 years later. “ (Wikipedia, Oort cloud)

Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud. (Wikipedia, Oort cloud)Those images introduce how large it is. That Oort cloud is. And it’s possible. That is the galaxies and the universe. That structure. It could be far larger than galaxies and their halos. Or it could be larger than even the universe. 

Maybe the energy minimum. In that plasma ring or plasma bubble. It is. A little bit higher than inside and outside it. Outside that plasma wave. That energy minimum is lower than inside the plasma ball. This thing causes energy to flow out from the universe. And could there be a similar effect around the galaxies? The energy vampire. Very low energy objects. That surrounds galactic halos. These kinds of objects. That orbits the galaxy. They can also pull energy out from that halo. And then transfer it out of that structure. 

This plasma bubble is similar to the heliopause. But its size. It is far larger. Similar plasma bubbles. They surround each galaxy. That causes an idea. That maybe. Dark matter could be positioned. In the bubbles that surround galaxies. If the matter is, or just outside those bubbles. And its energy level is lower than the energy level of the galaxy. That matter will pull energy into it. And if that energy continues its journey. That will not be seen in the plasma bubble. 

Those bubbles cause reflection. That reflects radiation back to the galaxy and the universe. This reflection causes. That we cannot see dim objects and dim matter that is between galaxies. So, in this model, the difference between energy minima is. In and outside the universe. That is the thing. That causes the universe's expansion. 

Could that thing explain? Why can't we see Planet 9? 

And by the way. The reason. For. Why can't we see Planet 9? It can be just outside the heliosphere. If Planet 9 exists, and it’s at a lower energy level than the shockwave that forms at the point. The particle flow from the sun. Impacts particles that come from other stars. If that planet’s energy level or temperature is lower than this plasma's. That plasma’s shine. Covers that planet’s existence. 

If energy travels to that planet. But its reflection cannot enter the solar system. Because. It's too weak. It cannot travel through that plasma bubble. Because the plasma bubble’s energy level is higher than that of reflection. That thing means that. The reflection from that hypothetical planet simply cannot reach the telescope on the ground. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-matter-free-galaxies/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy