Interesting details of mythical Planet 9.

“The Subaru Telescope has spotted a cosmic relic that could rewrite what we know about the early Solar System. Nicknamed 'Ammonite' but officially designated 2023 KQ14, this newly discovered space rock is now the fourth known sednoid, a rare class of distant, icy bodies with highly elongated orbits that dance around the outermost fringes of our cosmic neighbourhood. What makes Ammonite special? It’s not just its extreme orbit. It's a frozen relic from the dawn of the Solar System, offering clues about how our planets formed around the Sun, and whether a mysterious ninth planet still lurks in the darkness.” (BBC Sky at Night magazine,Ancient relic discovered on the edge of our Solar System could help solve the Planet Nine mystery)

Search for Planet 9 continues. Planet 9 is the name. For the mysterious gravitational effect. That affects the trajectory of the planet Neptune. The new observations about the trans-Neptunian objects, TNOs. Offer an alternative reason for those mysterious gravitational effects. The new trans-Neptunian object. Called 2017 OF201. is the candidate for a dwarf planet. And that object is interesting for searching for Planet X. The 2017 OF201 diameter. It is about 700 kilometers. 

Reseachers used that object’s trajectory. For searching for Planet 9. The 2017 OF201 tells. That there could be more massive objects in the Kuiper belt. And that means that. The alternative explanation for Planet X is the swarm of small objects in the Kuiper belt. A large number of dwarf planets can affect the large planet’s trajectories. But the problem is: could the mass of Kuiper belt objects be so high? Do they affect the trajectory of planet Neptune? 

The finding of the 2017 QF201 caused a new search. And the newest object in our solar system. It is the 2023 KQ14, nicknamed “Ammonite”. 

Or could the situation there, Alpha Centauri A and B, and Proxima Centauri, along with the Luhman 16 system, form the line? Could those systems, along with Kuiper belt objects, cause the situation in which Neptune’s trajectory wobbles? The latest found TNO. It is the 2023 KQ14. The Subaru telescope found the distant object in the Kuiper belt. And that means that. The large mass of the Kuiper belt might not be found. There can be objects that are waiting for their finders. Those two objects tell us. We don’t know the Kuiper belt yet. 

There is still a possibility. That. There is a cold planet outside the solar system. The mass of planet 9 would be larger than that of Earth. But the problem is that the most promising area for that very distant planet is very far away. For probes like New Horizons, it takes 118 years to reach that area. There is always a possibility that the probe travels to the wrong point. And that means it cannot find the unknown planet. 

“Artist's impression of Quaoar rings. Credit: Paris Observatory” (ScitechDaily, Space Mystery: Unexpected New Ring System Discovered in Our Own Solar System)

But there are also many alternative explanations for Planet 9. If we talk about the mysterious gravity effect. One of the most exciting versions is that. Planet 9 could be a primordial black hole. The small black hole that can lurk inside the icy shell. Reseachers suggest that.  In the universe. There can be small black holes. Those planet-mass black holes. They can lurk inside the structures. That seems like a planet. The size of those theoretical objects can be smaller than a coin. They could create an ice shell around them. If Planet 9 is a primordial black hole. 

That thing. It can be very small and massive. So, if that hypothetical primordial black hole exists. The object called Quaoar is one of the strongest candidates for that thing. The dwarf planet Quaoar has a ring system and moons. The gravity on that object is extremely weak. Or it should be so weak. That the moon and the ring system should not exist. The size. Of. Quaoar is so small. It cannot create a magnetic field. Because Quaoar should not have a melted core. 

There is, of course. A possibility that some kind of gas. Or water can stay liquid. In that extremely low. gravitation and temperature. That thing can carry magnetic particles around the core of that small world. This means that there could be stranger objects than water moons. The water moon means the moons like Jupiter’s Europa. There are low gravity and tidal forces. That keeps those oceans liquid. In that case, water plays the same role as magma basalt. Plays on Earth. So, could there be objects? That are. Similar to the Europa moon? But those objects formed of methane or carbon dioxide ice? The water is replaced by some gas. 

This explains the rings of Quaoar. But things like its satellite Weywot, and another possible. But not a confirmed satellite. They are harder to explain. By using plasma whirls as an explanation. Some people think that Weywot is too far from Quaoar to be its stable companion. But otherwise, conditions in the outer solar system are very stable. 

“Weywot is about 116–172 km (72–107 mi) in diameter and orbits Quaoar every 12.4 days at an average distance of 13,300 km (8,300 mi). Weywot is thought to play a role in maintaining Quaoar's outer ring by gravitationally influencing it in an orbital resonance.” (Wikipedia, Weywot). 

If those rings are locked in Quaoar’s plasma rings. The Quaoar must have a magnetic field. So the magnetic field can form in the interaction. There, weak gravity packs plasma around Quaoar. Then that plasma starts to whirl around the dwarf planet. And that acts as a plasma generator. Another version is that there is something very heavy in that small object. The primordial black hole. It is an interesting theorem. And maybe someday we could see what causes the gravitational effect. In the planet Neptune's trajectory?

https://www.astronomy.com/science/is-planet-nine-a-black-hole-or-a-planet-harvard-scientists-suggest-a-way-to-find-out/

https://scitechdaily.com/is-planet-nine-real-new-discovery-at-the-edge-of-the-solar-system-adds-a-twist/

https://scitechdaily.com/space-mystery-unexpected-new-ring-system-discovered-in-our-own-solar-system/

https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/news/ammonite-2023-kq14

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_OF201

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_KQ14

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaoar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weywot

Why are most distant galaxies distancing so fast?

“Standard candles (left) and standard rulers (right) are two different techniques astronomers used to measure the expansion of space at various times/distances in the past. Based on how quantities like luminosity or angular size/diameter change with distance, we can infer the expansion history of the Universe. Standard candles involve looking at objects whose intrinsic brightness is known at all cosmic distances, while standard rulers involve looking at features such as the physical size of a known object or the average separation distance between any two galaxies (imprinted from baryon acoustic oscillations during the early stages of the Big Bang) that evolve as the Universe expands.” (Big Think, Ask Ethan: How can ultra-distant galaxies move so fast?)

Here, we must realize one thing. We don’t know the luminosity of the most distant objects. There can be dark nebulae between Earth and those objects. Another thing is that. There are two directions in which those objects move. The horizontal and vertical. The vertical movement is the movement away from our galaxy. And the horizontal movement is the movement to the side from the original direction of our galaxy. 

This means that if we were to find a galaxy. That is the opposite of our galaxy, and both galaxies orbit the center in the same direction. That means we would not see horizontal movement at all. But the vertical distancing, the redshift of that galaxy, will be incredible. The redshift measures the vertical movement. Spectral lines in that distant galaxy turn red. The horizontal movement is measured by using different methods. 

If this galaxy is found. That could bring us closer to proving the existence of dark flow. If dark flow exists. And galaxies orbit the same point. That tells us. The universe has a mass center. Or. There is a point that puts the entire universe in orbit around it. 

The answer is in the position of the observer. The phenomenon is opposite to the case where two cars collide at a speed of 50 km/h. This means that. When car 1 has a speed of 50 km/h. And a car 2 also has a speed of 50 km/h, the impact speed. It is 50 km/h + 50 km/h. And. That is 100 km/h. So, the effect is similar to that of a car impacting a standing wall at a speed of 100 km/h. Same way. If two cars are distancing themselves. 

To the opposite direction. And both of them have a speed of 50 km/h, the distancing speed is also 100 km/h. This is one of the things that we can just say. That everything is relative. When two electrons collide in the particle accelerators at a speed of 80% of the speed of light. That means their impact speed is 160% of the speed of light. Those particles will not cross the speed of light. But their mutual speed is higher. 

The mutual speed of two objects can be different from the speed of each of the objects. In the same way, when two photons travel in opposite directions. Their mutual speed. It is. Two times faster. Than the speed of light. 

Then to galaxies. Measurements of the distancing speed of galaxies. It is measured by using the Doppler effect. This means that the wavelength of the radiation becomes longer. Then two objects are distancing. This means that spectral lines travel to the red. And when another object gets closer to us, that turns the wave movement shorter. 

This is the effect, called blueshift. But. We must realize that gravitation pulls that radiation longer. And this means that. Near black holes, all objects seem slower. Than they really are. So galaxies cause an effect on the object that comes closer, seeming to be slower than they really are. And objects that travel away seem to be distancing faster than they really do. We can call it an effect. There gravity stretches light.  As a virtual redshift. 

 But then. If. We are looking. At the most distant galaxies that are on the opposite side of the universe. We must realize that the speed always behaves the same way. When two galaxies are moving away from each other. Their distancing speed behaves like the distancing speed between two cars. The speed at which the systems measure. It is the speed of galaxy 1 + the speed of galaxy 2. 

But then another thing is this. Gravitation stretches light. This means that every gravitational center. Seems to be in longer distances than they really are. Gravitation stretches light on both sides of the measurement line. The galaxy that sends light pulls that light back. That causes a virtual redshift that is stronger than the real redshift.

When that light travels to the Milky Way, the gravity of our galaxy pulls the wave movement from the front. And that means that. Also, our galaxy has the effect of that redshift. In the cases of galaxies. The gravity stretches light so strongly that it has an effect on redshift. If we think that the effect of the gravitational redshift is very small in the case of light-years. 

But in the long distances. Like distances of megaparsecs, even small errors. Turn bigger. One parsec is 3,26 ly and a megaparsec is a million parsecs. 

In the same way as in the cases. That measurement tool makes a 1 mm error. In the 100m distances. That error might not seem big. But. When we try to measure distances. Like Earth's distance to Jupiter. Those errors turn into an enormous scale. 

⁠https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/how-galaxies-move-fast/⁠⁠

⁠https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow⁠⁠

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect

⁠https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec⁠⁠

Scientists think that life can thrive on a rogue planet’s moons.

"New research points to a previously overlooked setting for life: moons drifting through interstellar space with no sunlight at all. Under the right conditions, they may maintain long-lasting, habitable environments (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Life Without a Sun? Scientists Say It May Thrive on Rogue Planet Moons)

Rogue planets, or at least some of them, have an origin as a planet in a planetary system. Then, a cosmic catastrophe, such as a nova eruption or supernova explosion, pushes that planet away from its orbital trajectory. This causes a situation. Where a rogue planet and its moons can start to travel through the universe. 

But can those rogue planets or their moons host life? The fact is that. Rogue planets are distant objects from their star. The star changes into a red giant before it explodes. And in that short period, it’s possible that primitive lifeforms start to form on distant planets. 

Then, a nova or supernova pushes that planet away from its solar system. In that process. The temperature on the planet drops very fast. In that case, some of those primitive organisms could survive in ice. There is a possibility that those organisms can take the rest form. Maybe. Those bacteria can turn. They themselves are spores. Like anthrax bacteria. And those rest forms could remain theoretically forever if they are in stable conditions. But can those spores wake up? That is one of the most interesting questions. There is a possibility. 

Those lifeforms. They can get their energy from volcanic heat. If the organism lives on the moon, which orbits a large rogue planet, that can cause a tidal wave, which keeps that moon’s inner core liquid. Tidal forces can form very high temperatures. And that energy. It can give enough energy. That some tiny organisms could survive and thrive on that planet, or its moons. Those small organisms could live under the icy shell of those exoplanets. This means that rogue planets or their moons might host life, which could be very similar to Earth's bacteria. 

Can a rogue planet support intelligent life? 

Life on some  rogue planet’s moons is a very rare but possible idea. In some extreme models of that idea, the alien civilization could see that their star will turn unstable. If they don’t have the resources to start interstellar travel, that could remain for millennia. Those alien creatures could hide their gemates under their home planet’s surface. 

Intelligent aliens can build bases under a rogue planet’s ice shell. They can use nuclear power or water that is liquid because of tidal forces. As a power source. Those tidal forces can keep the core of those moons warm. And there can be liquid water under a very thick ice layer. 

This means those maybe intelligent creatures could remain under the ice of rogue planets. The idea is taken. From the Sci-Fi series, where the human moon colony travels across the universe on the moon. That nukes were thrown away from the Earth orbiter. 

Could some intelligent civilization think that it can survive the explosion of its star by burying its spores? into the ice of the freezing planet that the explosion throws away from its trajectory? This is one of the wildest scenarios of things that a rogue planet can cause. And of course, maybe someday. Humans can make bases under the ice of rogue planets. 

https://scitechdaily.com/life-without-a-sun-scientists-say-it-may-thrive-on-rogue-planet-moons/

The neutron star followed an oval trajectory before it collided with a black hole.

“Artist’s impression of an eccentric neutron star–black hole binary. The neutron star’s path is shown in blue and the black hole’s motion in orange as the two objects orbit each other. The eccentricity shown here is exaggerated compared to the real system, GW200105, to make the effect on the orbital motion clearer. Credit: Geraint Pratten, Royal Society University Research Fellow, University of Birmingham” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Spot a Black Hole-Neutron Star Pair Breaking the Rules of Cosmic Orbits)

The neutron star’s unusual trajectory when it fell into a black hole. The thing that formed that unusual oval trajectory could be the third component. There could be a possibility. That there was something unseen. Maybe the second back hole in the system before the final impact. The third participant can be outside the system. Or maybe it's very close to the back hole. 

The neutron star and black hole collided, and this thing defies predicted models. The neutron star impacted the black hole following an oval trajectory. This means that the closest point in that trajectory moved closer and closer to the black hole. And then the black hole pulled that neutron star inside it. The reason for that trajectory is that the neutron star got more energy when it closed the black hole. 

Similarly, in cases where black holes merge with neutron stars, they also have their own material disk. The impact of material disks will create energy, which pushes the neutron star away from the black hole. This also explains gamma-rays. From those mergers. 

The material disk interacts with the black hole material disk, and that forms energy. So this means that the shape of the trajectory remains similar. But sooner or later, the black hole “steals” the neutron star’s material disk. This means that the neutron star will not get as much energy from the impact of those material disks. This means that the black hole pulls the neutron star closer and closer to it. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-spot-a-black-hole-neutron-star-pair-breaking-the-rules-of-cosmic-orbits/

How can the black hole merger form gamma-ray bursts?

When black holes collide, that event sends gravitational waves. There is a possibility that the gamma-ray burst (GRB) forms when those black holes’ halos touch each other. Every black hole is surrounded by material disks and photons that orbit it. The black holes. That participate. In this event. They were about 50 times larger than the sun. 

”Together, the two black holes weighed more than 100 times the mass of the Sun, placing the event among the most massive stellar-mass black hole mergers detected so far. Most previously observed mergers involve systems with only a few tens of solar masses.”(Interesting Engineering, A cosmic surprise: Black hole merger may have sparked a gamma-ray burst) 

The large size and heavy mass of those black holes tell. That. Those black holes could be the result of previous mergers. They were extremely large stellar black holes. 

Before black holes’ event horizons touch each other, those halos of matter and photons cross each other. In that case, if those halos and material disks impact each other. Particles that orbit those black holes interact, and these interactions can form the GRB. In this case, the GRB formation happens. When those halos that orbit in opposite directions impact each other. In those large black holes, their halos are quite large. 

And that means those halos have a time to reach a very high energy level. If those black holes were smaller, or their sizes were different. This can mean that the interaction between those material halos is shorter. That forms the shorter. And lower energy gamma- or X-ray flash. This thing. It can prove primordial black holes. 

And if all black hole mergers form the gamma-rays, this thing should mean that all of those black holes spin in opposite directions. That causes the model. The black holes turn. Into superposition and entanglement. Before they impact. Every time particles go into quantum entanglement, they spin in opposite directions. In the same way, if the black holes go into quantum entanglement, they will turn to spin in opposite directions. 

When we start to think that the source of the mysterious gamma-ray bursts is the cases where the black hole’s material disks and halos touch each other, that can be the first evidence about the miniature, primordial black holes. Those miniature, or planetary-mass black holes, form similar halos around them as larger black holes. 

This means that. Maybe some gamma-ray lightning, whose origin is in lone black holes, can merge with a small black hole. Those black holes could form when the radiation from the bigger black hole presses. A planet or some other objects in the form of a black hole. This means that the black hole could clone itself. 

https://interestingengineering.com/space/black-hole-merger-produces-light

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_black_hole

The ancient mega-stars. Could be. The origin of ancient black holes.

“Star Collapse Black Hole Jet Art Astronomers may have finally uncovered the origin of the universe’s earliest supermassive black holes. Observations from the James Webb Space Telescope revealed an unusual chemical signature in a distant galaxy. And. It points to the existence of colossal first-generation stars thousands of times more massive than the Sun. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, JWST Detects Evidence of “Monster Stars” That May Have Created the Universe’s First Giant Black Holes)

Could those giant stars be? A so-called. But still hypothetical. Quasi-stars. Or black hole stars? 

In some models, the first stars in the ancient universe were so-called quasi-stars or black hole stars. Those hypothetical stars could get their energy from a black hole inside them. The black hole pulls hydrogen from around it into the form of a hollow shell. And there could be nuclear reactions in that shell that formed heavier elements. 

New observations tell us about the first stars. Those giant stars formed just after the Big Bang. And there is a possibility that those stars are the origin of the universe’s first black holes. The major problem with the universe’s history is: What came first? Were black holes before the first stars, or were the first stars before the black holes? In the cosmological models, the only element that formed straight after the Big Bang was hydrogen. 

The main question is, what made hydrogen ions or atoms fall into stars? Could there be some kind of electron clouds that pulled protons together? And then those electrons remained to orbit those protons. This means that atoms formed in those first stars. The problem is. What made protons, or atomic hydrogen, fall and form stars? There are a couple of possibilities. The first thing could be the negative electromagnetic field. That could form an electron cloud, which pulls protons to it. 

“The size comparison of a Quasi-star with other stars.” (Wikipedia, The size comparison of a Quasi-star with other stars.)

Another thing. That which can launch the stellar formation is small black holes or some kind of voids in the young universe. The gravity center, like small primordial black holes. It can make matter accumulate around it. But the cosmic void can also act like a black hole. 

If some kind of radiation beam. Can create a cosmic void. It’s possible that when that kind of void collapses. The idea is that the cosmic high-energy beam pushes particles and quantum fields away from its route. Then the gravity. Along with the falling quantum fields. That travel into that cosmic void. Pull those hydrogen atoms into that cosmic emptiness. And that effect can be connected with the gravity. Together, those things, the collapsing comic void and gravity, can launch star formation. 

Another thing that can create those cosmic voids. It could be matter-antimatter annihilation. There could be antimatter existing. In the young universe. And electron-positron or proton-antiproton annihilation could form those cosmic voids that start to pack matter from around them. 

Particles can travel across that emptiness at very high speeds, and that can form a whirl in the nebula. The problem. In those things is the gravity. And the electromagnetic pulling effect must. Win over the electromagnetic pushing. 

There are only electrons and protons; something must happen that allows those particles and atoms to form the stars. Atomic hydrogen reacts very weakly with other hydrogen atoms. And there must form some kind of structure that starts to pack those atoms. 

https://scitechdaily.com/jwst-detects-evidence-of-monster-stars-that-may-have-created-the-universes-first-giant-black-holes/

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-star

The planet is in the wrong place.

“LHS 1903 is a small red M-dwarf star that is cooler and shines less brightly than our Sun. Scientists used telescopes in space and on Earth to discover four planets orbiting LHS 1903. With those telescopes, they classified the three closest planets to the star as the innermost being rocky, and the two that follow it as gas giants. Credit: ESA” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Stunned by Rocky Planet in the Wrong Place)

“Scientists have identified a rocky outer planet in a system where a gas giant was expected. The discovery challenges traditional models and supports the idea that planets may form one by one in changing environments.” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Stunned by Rocky Planet in the Wrong Place)

Could xxoplanet LHS 1903 e be a rogue planet that a red dwarf HS 1903 captured? This explains the exoplanet’s wrong trajectory. 

The exoplanet  LHS 1903 e is a rocky world near a red dwarf star LHS 1903. This planet is extraordinary. Because of its trajectory. The LHS 1903 has a planetary system, where the closest exoplanet is a rocky world. Then there will be two scaled-down versions of Neptune. So, those planets are gas-rich. But then. The last known planet, LHS 1903 e. 

It is again a rocky world. This means that the LHS 1903 e doesn’t follow the rule about the order of the planets. So, this “wrong position”. Causes an idea. This exoplanet could have originated around some other star. And then that star lost this planet. Maybe the nova or supernova eruption kicked that exoplanet LHC 1903 e from its trajectory. 

So, could the origin of the dwarf planet Pluto in our solar system be a rogue planet? 

The hypothesis about the rogue planet that the star captured can explain some details about the dwarf planet Pluto and its moon, Charon. There are several theories about the origin of Pluto. The first one is that Pluto’s origin was as the moon of Uranus or Neptune. The one other explanation . About Pluto. It could be. That Pluto. It was. Some kind of rogue asteroid. Or a dwarf planet. That our solar system captured.

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-stunned-by-rocky-planet-in-the-wrong-place/