Dark matter is not ruled out as the cause of the Milky Way's strange glow.

“An image of the gamma-ray excess observed at the center of the Milky Way, overlaid on an optical image of the galaxy. Scientists have debated the origin of this excess and whether it could be caused by dark matter for more than a decade. Credit: NASA; A. Mellinger/Central Michigan University; T. Linden/University of Chicago” (ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Mysterious Glow May Be Dark Matter After All)

Milky Way’s strange glow. The high-energy gamma-ray emission caused grey hair among astronomers. There is suspicion that the annihilating dark matter. It can cause the gamma-ray glow. This suggests that gamma-ray emission can occur when high-density dark matter particles collide. That can explain why this halo seems to come from the Sagittarius A. Sgr*A. Or around it. This means that the dark matter. 

It can form a similar material disk. Around the SgrA as visible matter. The material disk around the Sgr*A. It is one. Of the highest energy objects in the universe. This means that. The energy level in the dark matter material disk would be enormous. But can dark matter send gamma-rays? That is one of the things that answers require more observations. If there is some kind of annihilation between those dark matter particles. 

That should require. That. There is also an anti-matter version of the dark matter. This means that the hypothetical dark matter particles. They should have an anti-particle pair. But nobody has seen a dark matter particle yet. The glow can also form. In the friction between dark matter particles in the extremely dense energy field. But if dark matter sends gamma-rays. That causes this glow. 

The gamma-ray glow. It can come directly from dark matter. Or it can be an emission radiation from other particles. This means that in an extremely high-energy area. The matter moves very fast. This can cause a situation. That dark energy that the dark matter sends. It can cause visible interaction with some material particles. The glow could also form. When dark matter particles hit electrons. If those impacts happen often enough. That thing. It can raise the energy level in those visible particles. That we can see that reaction. 

There is a model about dark matter. The idea is that dark matter actually glows. Or we could see that thing. But the glow from the visible particles covers that glow below it. If dark matter particles send dark energy. That energy could have such a short wavelength. That gamma-rays could cover that thin layer below it. If that is right. The dark matter particle. It’s a very small and high-energy particle. There is a model. That's the dark matter particles. They are the same as mythical gravitons. 

The idea is that. The dark matter particle. It is a quantum-sized black hole. If that is right. The quantum-sized black holes. Smaller than quarks. They can also send dark energy. Those quantum black holes. They have similar halos, energy disks, and relativistic jets. As normal black holes  have. Those things are only a far smaller size. So, when those halos and transition disks impact each other. That thing can send gamma-rays. If that model. It's true. The relativistic jet that those black holes form. It can turn into a superstring. 

In this model. In the middle of every single particle is a quantum-size black hole. The shell of the particle. It will be the halo of those extremely small black holes. 

This means that those quantum-sized relativistic jets are things. That makes particles pull each other. When that quantum jet hits a lower-energy particle. That lower energy particle. Pulls energy from that string. That will pull the other particle. To that lower energy particle. Or rather saying. Lower energy particle. It pulls fields to it. Then that field falls. The higher energy particle. Then that higher-energy particle points its relativistic jet at another particle. And then. The lower energy particle pulls. The higher energy particle. To it.

This could explain many things. Like annihilation. The annihilation forms. When opposite-spinning quantum fields touch each other.  This means that. This effect is similar to the collimation of the larger black holes. That can explain the gamma-ray burst in annihilation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-mysterious-glow-may-be-dark-matter-after-all/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*

Cold material clouds near the center of the Milky Way can open new paths to cosmology and physics.

"High-resolution observations of the Milky Way’s Fermi bubbles have revealed dense, cold hydrogen clouds embedded within a superheated outflow, indicating that these colossal structures formed in a rapid, recent event. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, “Impossible” Cold Clouds Discovered in Milky Way’s Heart Challenge Astronomical Theories)

New observations about cold material clouds near the Milky Way’s center are challenging astronomical theories. Or maybe they tell more about conditions in those extreme areas than anybody expected. The Milky Way center is a very high-energy area. That means the material should be hot near Sagittarius A. When researchers find something very cold near that supermassive black hole there is a possibility that something simply pulls or pushes energy through that material. 

If things like quarks or something similar small, weakly interacting particles travel through material that thing can cause the effect that those neutrinos, etc. will transport energy out from that material. So something acts like a thermal pump. 

And there is a small possibility that dark energy is the thing that turns those material clouds into cold. If we think about the cases of dark dwarf stars near the center of the Milky Way. Collect dark matter and make them impact or annihilate, those particles can send so much dark energy that it pushes visible energy out from those cold material clouds. 

"An artist’s depiction of the relative sizes of the sun, a low mass star, a brown dwarf, Jupiter, and the Earth. Sizes are to scale, but distances are not. Credit: Jupiter: NASA, ESA, and A. Simon (NASA, GSFC). Sun and Low-Mass Star: NASA, SDO. Brown Dwarf: NASA, ESA, and JPL-Caltech. Earth: NASA. Infographic: NASA and E. Wheatley (STScI)" (Phys.org, Dark matter could create dark dwarfs at the center of the Milky Way)

The dark dwarf can collect so much dark matter, that the impacts of dark matter. Or, weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs happen so often that they send so much dark energy that it creates visible interaction between dark and visible material. If that is true of the dark matter particles, WIMPs’ impacts are the source of dark energy. And maybe that thing can change our view of dark matter and dark energy. 

Dark matter interaction through gravity is a well-known thing. That means gravity centers pack dark matter around them. The gravity centers like Sgr A* are the ultimate objects in the universe. That kind of ultimate gravity center can collect and pack dark matter into such a dense form that impacts between those particles happen so often, and they can create visible interaction with other objects and particles. This means that dark matter and dark energy also have some electromagnetic-style interactions with visible material. The only known interaction is gravitational. 

But the “shine” of visible material covers that interaction with it. Things like dark dwarfs are very dense objects that can collect the dark matter and its radiation into them. And there is a possibility that there is a dark dwarf near the center of the Milky Way that gets its energy from dark matter. The dark dwarf is the massive object that formed when a brown dwarf used up its fuel. This dark dwarf location near Sgr A* is also special. The dark dwarf pulls dark matter around it the another dark matter flow that Sgr A* pulls to it impacts that dark matter whirl. That causes impacts or even annihilation that turns dark matter very hot. 

And the ultimate high energy that Sgr A* sends can also interact with those WIMP particles. The model goes like this: the dark matter particles, hypothetical WIMPs, are so small that they send so short-wave radiation that we have no ability to observe that radiation. That means the dark energy can be a wave movement outside the gamma-rays. And if that is true it can open new visions for cosmology and space research. 

https://nasaspacenews.com/2025/07/dark-dwarfs-the-cosmic-clue-that-could-reveal-dark-matters-secrets/

https://phys.org/news/2025-07-dark-dwarfs-center-milky.html

https://scitechdaily.com/impossible-cold-clouds-discovered-in-milky-ways-heart-challenge-astronomical-theories/

The Harvard astronomers uncovered the real shape of the Milky Way's halo of the stars.

Researchers from Harvard University have now uncovered the shape of the Milky Way's stellar halo.  The image above this text shows that the Milky Way galaxy's real shape looks a little bit like American football. That thing is one of the most interesting things in the history of science. 

Because the halo around the Milky Way stretched. That means there is some kind of force that is turning its shape to look like the rugby ball. The jets from Sagittarius A are traveling straight out from the poles of that supermassive black hole. The reason why the halo around the material stretches only from certain points is interesting. 

If that stretching would happen because of plasma, that is coming out from the material disk's equator the stretching must be symmetrical. That means the shape of the stellar halo should be like a beach ball, not an American football. So that thing is very interesting. Is there some yet unknown plasma or energy jet that stretches the stellar halo? 

There is a possibility. That the Fermi bubbles at both sides of the Sagittarius A are the answer. For the strange shape of that material halo. The impact radiation, that comes from Sagittarius A or its material jets can explain the shape of the stellar halo. But that thing is pure speculation. 

Only the part of the material that forms the Milky Way and other galaxies is in their material disks. There are lots of stars and material, including star clusters around the spiral galaxies. This halo is interesting because at the impact area where the material disk impacts with galactic halo are forming whirls. And those whirls can be the beginning of new stars. 

The reason why researchers are researching the halos around galaxies is that they can tell about the shape of the universe. There are theories that the universe is looking a little bit like the galaxy. 

There is a ball-shaped point of visible matter that is surrounding the far larger structure of dark matter. But nobody surely knows about that thing. The symmetry of the shape of those gases tells about the energy sources in distant galaxies. When something hits those halos that affect its symmetry. 

https://scitechdaily.com/harvard-astronomers-have-revealed-the-true-shape-of-the-milky-ways-halo-of-stars/

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Why dwarf galaxies near Milky Way, are found in the thin layer near the Milky Way?

The Milky Way is one of the spiral galaxies.  

Finnish astronomers found the answer to that problem. The location of those dwarf galaxies is a coincidence. That form where most of those dwarf galaxies are on certain layers is a coincidence. And someday in the future, the motion of those dwarf galaxies will break that form. But the fact is that the location of those dwarf galaxies is not (probably) fully coincidental. When our galaxy rotates around the supermassive black hole called Sagittarius A.

A centripetal force will throw material like gas and dust out from the milky way. That means that dust and gas will slow the motion of those dwarf galaxies. So dust and gas that is leaving the Milky Way will slow those dwarf galaxies and traps them in that position. 

There could be multiple positions where those dwarf galaxies are slowing. So that explains why those dwarf galaxies are in thin layers. But in this text, I just use the edge of the main spiral structure as an example. 

In that area, gas and dust that are leaving the Milky Way are impacting with gas and dust that is coming from other galaxies. That impact causes whirls. And there at the equator of the Milky Way is also forming more dwarf galaxies than anywhere else. 

The milky way rotates around a supermassive black hole called Sagittarius A. That rotational movement makes the spiral structure of the giant spiral galaxy act like a rotating layer. That means the centripetal force will push gas and dust out from the galaxy from its elliptic's equator. 

So that gas and dust will trap those small galaxies in the equatorial layer of the Milky Way. Gas and dust that escape from Milky Way are not very dense. But that thing causes friction when the dwarf galaxies are traveling across that structure. So those dwarf galaxies are spending more time in that area than in other places around the milky way. 

https://www.avaruus.fi/uutiset/tahdet-sumut-ja-galaksit/suomalaiset-tahtitieteilijat-ratkaisivat-galaktisen-arvoituksen.html

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-022-01856-z