Europa’s oceans are silent.

"Cutaway illustration of Europa’s icy crust, subsurface ocean, and possible vents that transport material to the surface. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say Europa’s Ocean May Be Too Quiet for Life)

Jupiter’s  Europa-moon oceans can be dead. So, new research suggests. That there are no lifeforms under that moon’s icy surface. When we think about Europa’s oceans. The Europa moon's oceans. They are not like oceans on Earth. Those oceans remain liquid because the gravity of that moon is very weak. Jupiter’s gravity causes powerful tidal waves. Under. Icy shell of that interesting moon. This tidal force causes the water whirl around that moon’s core. 

"A new study led by Paul Byrne, an associate professor of Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences, raises doubts about whether Europa’s ocean could support life at its base. By analyzing the moon’s size, the composition of its rocky interior, and the gravitational pull it experiences from Jupiter, the research team found little evidence that Europa has the kind of active geology thought to be essential for life. Their results suggest the moon lacks tectonic movement, hydrothermal vents, and other forms of underwater activity that could supply energy to living systems." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say Europa’s Ocean May Be Too Quiet for Life)

And this thing makes the magnetic field for that moon. The magnetic field. Denies cosmic radiation and radiation that comes from Jupiter’s plasma ring from destroying water molecules on the Europa moon. Europa is the icy water moon. This means that magma, which is the liquid rock under Earth’s shell, is replaced by water in Europa. 

Magnetic field. Forms when the magnetic mineral dust in the water spins around the core of that moon. So, can there be lifeforms in that moon’s ocean? The thing is that there are no things like fish. The creatures that researchers may hope to find are primitive bacteria-type organisms. If those organisms exist, their metabolism will be very slow. 

There is a possibility that those organisms can synthesize oxygen from water. Using electrolysis, which can form when the noble and base metals are near each other. This electrolysis might not be very effective. But if there are no beasts in that ocean, that can be enough for those organisms to maintain their processes. Those things are only guesses. But the thing is that. This moon can also be dead and cold. But the thing is that Europa itself is interesting. That moon can tell. About conditions. What is on icy planets, and why can those planets that can be giant ice giants exist? 

There may be no geothermal energy in Europa. This means that the core of that moon. It can be. A very small. Thing. Without radioactive material. And the energy that keeps the oceans liquid forms when tidal forces and the cryovolcanos cooperate. The cryovolcano forms low pressure. Under the moon’s icy shell, that weak gravity keeps water molecules separate. The tidal forces. Puts those molecules in motion, in the weak gravity. Because of. In weak gravity, water can be liquid in far lower temperatures than on Earth. If there are lifeforms, those lifeforms can hover in the freezing water rather than be on the bottom of the moon. 

We can determine life as a self-replicating structure. Those structures can react and interact with each other. The fact is. Nobody knows what organisms on other planets or moons look like. Some models suggest that. On very low-temperature moons or planets, DNA can create ice bites. These are DNA-controlled. There is a model. That alien organisms can be water ice. And theoretically. The nanobubbles can form a similar structure to the DNA. Those things cannot be stable on Earth. But. In very low-energy, stable conditions, it is possible that the self-replicating structures can exist. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-say-europas-ocean-may-be-too-quiet-for-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)

Alien civilizations again and again.

  Alien civilizations again and again. 

“New simulations suggest the Galactic Habitable Zone isn’t fixed: when stars migrate across the Milky Way, the odds of rocky, potentially temperate worlds, especially in the outer disk, can rise markedly. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Our Galaxy’s Sweet Spot for Life Is Bigger Than We Thought)

There is a possibility that NASA’s Perseverance rover found some kind of bacterial remnants on Mars. There was an ocean in the northern hemisphere. Then the planet froze, lost its atmosphere. And then the UV radiation destroyed the water. The reason for that can be the lack of a magnetic field. It’s possible that the chaotic magma structure explains that thing. When Mars faced its last catastrophe, the impact could break its core. And that caused the loss of the magnetic field. 

And then to aliens. 

This discussion begins every autumn. Are we alone in the Universe? The answer is this: until aliens call, we are alone. The only fact that we have is that nobody answered. Or nobody made contact outside Earth. Or there are no confirmed alien technosignals. This means that we might be alone in our galaxy, or there can be one or more other civilizations. And maybe some civilizations are already destroyed, because they failed the ultimate test. That failure can be the civil war. 

Or it can be an overestimation of one's own technical skills. In some models. Pre-Kadashev-scale civilization can test things like an antimatter rocket. And then there will be some leak in the capsule. That causes annihilation that can destroy the entire planet, in this case. The civilization that reaches the Kardashev-scale 1 starts to build an antimatter rocket that can give them access to the entire solar system. Then there is a leak in the antimatter capsule. But then. We must realize a couple of things. 

“Longstanding model of the Galactic habitable Zone, which is estimated to exist between 7-9 kiloparsecs from the center of the galaxy. However, recent research calls this into question.” Credit: NASA/Caltech. (ScitechDaily, Our Galaxy’s Sweet Spot for Life Is Bigger Than We Thought)

When we talk about aliens. First, intelligent aliens are different from techno-aliens and primitive life forms. A water planet can host lifeforms. Those lifeforms will not be intelligent. Those lifeforms can be something that lives in their seas. Those creatures could be some kind of bacteria. Or algae. Another thing is intelligence. Without a certain type of atmosphere, that alien race cannot make fire, and they require that skill to  melt metals. There is a possibility that the first humans melted metals in volcanoes or lava. But this method uses a natural heat source. It is not as simple a method for melting metals as using fire. 

As the fire that those aliens can make using matches or friction. Intelligence doesn’t mean that a creature turns technical. Or it can form a technical civilization. If the star that they orbit is too heavy and too bright. That makes the star too short-lived for the creature to form anything technical. Also, it's possible that the black holes or some nova or supernova explosion near the civilization’s own star sterilizes their planet, or there is a possibility. that their own planet is metal-poor. That means there are no metals. There are millions or even billions of things that can go wrong before civilization can fly to the stars. 

The planet can travel too close to Sagittarius A, and near the center of galaxies, the radiation can destroy those planets. There is a so-called habitable area in a galaxy. And at that zone, stars are mature enough that planetary systems can form around them. Those planets must be solid, and their trajectories must be stable enough. There must not be a large number of roving pieces. Those pieces can destroy the planet and its lifeforms. 

“Electron microscopy revealed chain structures resembling living organisms in meteorite fragment ALH84001” (Wikipedia, Allan Hills 84001)

And that civilization requires the will to make technical things. Without motivation, those creatures will never fly to space or stars. Or without the need, evolution will not favor things like intelligence. Without catastrophes, the creatures will not rise out of the oceans. They will not require brains or high-level intelligence. 

The locked planets around K-type stars might not be suitable for lifeforms. But those locked planets can offer a place for a technically advanced civilization. To make its stand. That thing means that a locked planet offers unlimited solar power to that civilization or its base. Those creatures can use protective suits and live under domes that help them to protect themselves against those red dwarfs' flares. That kind of case requires. The red dwarf is quite close to the alien solar system, or orbits it. Sometimes we should ask what our technology looks like. If we had a red dwarf at the same distance as Proxima Centauri orbits Alpha Centauri. 

The fact is that Earth is the only planet with confirmed lifeforms. But it’s possible. That there was some kind of microscopic life on Mars. Before that planet froze, lost its atmosphere, and the UV radiation destroyed water molecules. 

There are some stones that support the Martian lifeforms.  Their problem is that they were found on Earth. The Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001) meteorite from the South Pole involves structures. That could confirm life on Mars. But the problem is that those bacteria-shaped structures can have an origin on Earth. The South Pole is not cold enough. That it could keep that meteorite sterile. There is a possibility that those. Probably lifeforms that left their markings on the shell of Allan Hills 84001. It can come from Earth. Maybe those primitive creatures felt the heat of that meteorite. And traveled to it. Those strange forms look like primitive creatures. Like rod-shaped cyanobacteria or small tubeworms. 

“NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover took this selfie, made up of 62 individual images, on July 23, 2024. A rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls,” which has features that may bear on the question of whether the Red Planet was long ago home to microscopic life, is to the left of the rover near the center of the image. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. NASA’s Perseverance rover has identified its most compelling evidence yet for ancient microbial life on Mars.” (ScirchDaily, NASA Perseverance Rover’s Stunning Find May Be Mars’ First Sign of Life)

The question of life in the cosmos is more complicated than we even thought. NASA’s Perseverance Mars vehicle found promising structures on Mars that look like bacteria or their remnants. The thing is that. Those forms in stones look like bacteria, or their remnants. But that doesn’t make them bacteria. But as we know. Perseverance found a sign that could be the first sign. Or strong evidence of life on another planet. 

The Artist’s impression of an alien city. 

So they might not prove anything. In one way or another. The problem is that even those things can be some kind of bacteria. They can arrive from the Earth, with some meteorites or with probes that are not properly disinfected. 

The biggest problem with alien hunting is that nobody has officially seen aliens. There is no confirmed alien DNA. Or confirmed alien cells. This means researchers cannot even know. What they should try to find. Searching for an alien civilization is not searching for a needle in a haystack. It's more difficult. There are as many variables that make models for techno civilizations, or their location is impossible to determine. The techno civilization can be something other than we think it is. Even if those civilizations use microwave ovens, we might not detect those signals. Or maybe we don’t separate those signals from natural microwave signals. We don’t even know if they use radio as data transmission. Or maybe those other civilizations do not exist. 

Existence is a remarkable thing for those civilizations. The civilization that doesn’t answer does not exist. And maybe we don’t want that answer. There is always a possibility that those civilizations are too far away that us cannot hear their radio signals. Another thing is that we are between the Milky Way’s spiral structure. That means we might be a cosmic Eastern island. And maybe we are lucky. 

https://scitechdaily.com/our-galaxys-sweet-spot-for-life-is-bigger-than-we-thought/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-perseverance-rovers-stunning-find-may-be-mars-first-sign-of-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001

What have we learned from UFOs?

"An illustration of a UFO hovering over a grassy field and road. (Image credit: Aaron Foster/The Image Bank via Getty Images)" (Space.com/10 things we learned about UFOs and aliens (or the lack thereof) in 2022)

The only thing that we seem to learn is that nothing must close out before investigations. The fact is that UFOs:s are real and their origin is unknown. And when we are researching something, we must make real research work to find out what is behind this strange phenomenon. There is the possibility that some government or non-governmental organization on Earth is operating those strange crafts. 

But who is behind those operators who are controlling UFOs? If UFOs are built on Earth, there could be something or somebody who has the right knowledge and skills to make that kind of system. And where that operator staff got equipment for making those unknown crafts? UFOs (Unditenfied Flying Objects) and UAPs (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) are mysteries. 

When we are thinking. That UFOs are using oscillating membranes for hovering that idea is not wrong. The oscillating membrane allows the craft can hover in the atmosphere. And no one saw the saucer-shaped object rise above the atmosphere. 

There are two possibilities. 

*UFOs are built on Earth. 

*Or they are not built on Earth. 

(An unidentified aerial phenomenon (UAP), as captured by the sensors of a U.S. Navy jet. (Image credit: DoD/US Navy) (Space.com/10 things we learned about UFOs and aliens (or the lack thereof) in 2022)

The big question is who builds those incredible aerial vehicles? If  Russians or Chinese created UFOs. Why are those governments not confess that they have that technology? 

If some private- or non-governmental actor is operating those flying crafts, where they made them? And why are those things kept secret? Where do creators of those crafts get instructions for making that kind of impressive system? 

There is a so-called ancient alien hypothesis that some researchers captured those instructions from ancient Egyptian or Mayan caves or the Himalayas. No evidence supports this theory. There are many interesting things in Mayan caves. That are giving some kind of implied evidence about the ancient aliens. 

In some theories, those UFOs are time machines. That operated by humans from the future. But that is only one theory in multiple theories about UFOs. 

In one of the most impressive alien theories, the generation ship from some alien star arrived in our solar system, spent little time here for repairments, and then continued its route to somewhere. Here I try to tell that no theory is better than others until somebody confesses to keeping UFO in some secretive military base. 

We know that the CIA and U.S. military lied about the UFO research. So there is a question about what else those authorities left out from their public reports. So is some kind of UFO captured in the Roswell incident? 

Or was the thing found in Roswell 1947 some papers or instructions advising how to make UFOs? And who wrote those papers? Did they come from some Egyptian caves? 

But nobody confessed to owning that kind of artifact. And that is the thing that makes UFOs interesting. Why does nobody confess to owning those impressive and superior systems? 

When we think about the users of those crafts, they might not even know how they work. We can compare UFOs with cars. People can drive cars without even knowing, how engines work. Or nothing about the technology that is behind cars. Driver must know how to control the car. 

So we can think that UFOs are some kind of drone. And in that case. Those hypothetical remote operators might not even see them. Remote-controlled drones are also making it impossible that none of those operators can tell about those strange saucer-shaped objects. 

When they start their missions. The small size and incredible maneuverability tell. That at least some of those UFOs operated remotely. The operators might think. That they are using some other top-secret remotely controlled aircraft. 

So the operators cannot tell anything about the mysterious thing called UFOs. The fact is this. The UFOs remain a mystery until one of them is captured. We must look for facts about that mystery. 

https://bigthink.com/the-present/pentagon-ufo/

https://www.space.com/aliens-ufos-research-things-learned-2022

https://www.space.com/hundreds-of-ufo-reports

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_incident

Do you speak extraterrestrial?

If we someday make contact with real aliens the biggest problem is the language barrier. But are things like UFOs extraterrestrial? The fact is that those "aliens" and UFOs can be robots. And before somebody captures those things, nobody knows their origin.  NASA says that UFO:s origin is on Earth, but they are not confessing to investigate any captured alien or UFO. So they cannot be sure about their builder, so the origin of those strange things remains a mystery. 

In some hypotheses, aliens are time travelers from the future. In that model of those theories, in those theories, the particle accelerator is around the UFO. That system dilates time in those mystery objects. 

(https://www.space.com/aliens-time-traveling-humans-ufo-hypothesis.html)

Researchers must keep their eyes and mind open. And they must not close any possibilities away before they can see the evidence. And because no government confesses to owning UFO. Or nobody claims to capture the so-called unidentified aerial phenomenon. Those things are a mystery. And before researchers can investigate real captured UFOs we cannot straight close the alien connection away.

The AI-controlled spacecraft can travel across interstellar space. But those systems can also build in very advanced laboratories. 

So are UFOs and aliens AI-controlled robots?

In this text term, alien means a man-shaped thing that origin is unknown. So that aliens can be 

Man, 

Man-made robot

Alien 

Alien made robot

 When we are talking about UFOs and so-called grey aliens we must realize one thing. Those creatures can be extremely advanced probes. Or some kind of recon robots controlled by artificial intelligence. So in that case, UFOs and robot aliens could not even tell where they are coming from. But then we must realize one thing if we want to communicate with aliens. 

We should talk about their language. Or aliens must talk some Earth language. And because nobody even knows where those aliens are coming from the ability to communicate with them is very difficult. And first, we must detect the speech in their voices. And that is extremely difficult. 

The thing, that makes aliens interesting is that they are given many ideas for nanomachines and other technology. In some theories, the alien robots are the test or some kind of recon units that use advanced nanotechnology. 

There is the possibility to make a robot whose entire body is formed of DNA  or some spring-shape molecules like protein talin. There are some servo-engines or some more advanced systems that can control the motions of those systems. That kind of robot can have the ability to turn itself into a liquid form. 

And slip in buildings from the minimum holes. If that kind of DNA-based robot exists. It could infect other organisms by using DNA bites. That kind of robot can have multiple brains or neural control microchips. This networked hybrid system makes this hypothetical nanomaterial-cyborg intelligent. Those systems would not be living or dead. 

https://www.loc.gov/collections/finding-our-place-in-the-cosmos-with-carl-sagan/articles-and-essays/life-on-other-worlds/ufos-and-aliens-among-us

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-announces-unidentified-aerial-phenomena-study-team-members/

https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/ufo-hunters-got-one-thing-right-here-s-what-they-ncna834306

https://phys.org/news/2022-10-nasa-people-ufos-naturaland-isnt.html

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a40665405/are-ufos-time-traveling-humans/

https://scitechdaily.com/do-you-speak-extraterrestrial/

https://www.space.com/aliens-time-traveling-humans-ufo-hypothesis.html

https://www.theguardian.com/world/ufos