Largest spinning structure in the universe. And gravitational waves can help to understand dark energy and dark matter.

“A figure illustrating the rotation of neutral hydrogen (right) in galaxies residing in an extended filament (middle), where the galaxies exhibit a coherent bulk rotational motion tracing the large-scale cosmic web (left). Credit: Lyla Jung” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Discover One of the Largest Rotating Structures Ever Seen in the Universe)

Researchers found the largest spinning structure in the universe. Those kinds of structures are interesting. The spinning neutral hydrogen binds energy as all other particles. When neutral hydrogen slows, it releases its wave movement. 

They can explain dark energy. And dark matter. Those structures can store lots of energy when they spin. And when their spin speed decreases. Those giant megastructures. Can release the energy that they stored during the spin. So the question about dark energy and dark matter is simple. What puts energy into motion? 

And what mass makes the mysterious gravitational effect? That we call dark energy. There is one silly thought in my mind. And could the hypothetical WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) neutrinos. That spins at a higher speed. Than. Other neutrinos. Anyway. We can think. Dark energy can form in WIMPs. That can change their rotation speed. 

When a WIMP accelerates its rotation, it binds energy. When WIMP slows down, it delivers energy. Because nobody has seen WIMP, but some interactions tell. That dark matter can have. Some other interactions. Than just the gravitational. So, could WIMP be the neutrino that changes its spin and direction? 

When neutrino beams travel through the stars, it can cause a situation. Where energy fields. Exist around stars. Starts to fall into that star. That energy will make those stars glow. The neutrinos can also collide. Those collimations can cause energy impulses around the universe. 

All particles are an energy form. If some particle decays or energy turns into particles, that releases and binds energy. That means that. Dark energy and dark matter can form. When the Schwinger effect. Or, wave-particle duality. Turns energy into particles, and particles turn into energy. Energy is another name for the wave movement.

“New theoretical work suggests that the faint ripples produced as small black holes spiral into larger ones could quietly expose the invisible structures surrounding galactic centers. Credit: Stock” (ScitechDaily, Gravitational Waves Expose Hidden Dark Matter Around Black Holes)

Gravity waves and X-ray bursts. Tell about black holes. 

Gravity waves uncover hidden dark matter around black holes. That gives a tip. That maybe high-energy X- and gamma rays can interact with those dark matter particles. The idea is that if those very high-energy dark matter particles. Or weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs are particles, and the intense X-rays and gamma-rays can put those particles in spin faster than other WIMP particles. 

That can mean that. Those particles can be heavier than outside the black hole’s radiation. This can cause an effect that we see. As the form. Of stronger gravitational waves. Than somewhere else. The intense X- and gamma-rays can also interact strongly than usual. This means that those radiation types can also affect particles. That do not usually interact with electromagnetic (EM) radiation. X-rays and gamma-rays. They are also connected with the weak nuclear interaction. 

So that causes the thought. That may be. Things like unusually high-energy neutrinos can also. It has something to do with the gravitational waves around black holes. When the speed of those particles accelerates. Particles bind fields. While. The particle’s spin slows down. Particles deliver their energy as radiation. This means that there is a small possibility that the neutrino can be the hypothetical graviton. 

Or if a hypothetical tachyon particle exists, it slows down before sensors can see it. And maybe it decays into a photon and a neutrino. There is also a possibility that. Maybe. Black hole’s gravitational field. And virtual redshift transforms hypothetical Hawking radiation into the X-rays and gamma-rays. The idea is that. The massive gravitational field stretches radiation. Also, fields. That travel to the black hole pushes back to radiation and particles. That forms massive waves in the points where waves and particles impact. 

But those things are not so easy to prove. The massive gravity stretches all kinds of radiation. This means that, originally, X-rays and Gamma-rays could have been other types of radiation. The X-ray burst’s origin. It is in the black hole. During X-ray and gamma-ray bursts, the black hole’s gravity stretches radiation before it can escape. From the black holes. Maybe some other radiation. That which has shorter wavelengths is transforming in massive gravity and field interactions into gamma- and X-rays. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-discover-one-of-the-largest-rotating-structures-ever-seen-in-the-universe/

https://scitechdaily.com/decoding-the-universes-most-violent-explosions-new-data-on-x-ray-bursts/

https://scitechdaily.com/gravitational-waves-expose-hidden-dark-matter-around-black-holes/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter.

 Dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter. 

"Mysterious “dark dwarfs” may glow eternally by burning invisible dark matter — and spotting them could finally crack one of the universe’s greatest mysteries. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com"(ScitechDaily, These Stars Don’t Burn – They Annihilate Dark Matter)

Astronomers may have discovered a whole new type of star — mysterious “dark dwarfs” that could glow forever by feeding on dark matter, the invisible substance thought to make up most of the universe. Unlike ordinary stars that burn nuclear fuel, these strange objects might be powered by annihilating dark matter particles, creating an eternal source of light. (ScitechDaily, These Stars Don’t Burn – They Annihilate Dark Matter)

In some hypotheses, Dark matter particle collisions are a dark energy sources. The gravitational center can collect those particles, but the object must have a certain density so that it can bind that dark energy. Another version is that the energy density in dark energy must be high enough. It can interact with visible material. Dark matter has a gravitational interaction. With visible matter. That means the gravity center can collect dark matter into them. And that can make those objects shine. 

And if dark dwarfs or dark stars annihilate dark matter, that means they form dark energy. Or change dark matter particles, hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, WIMPs, or axions into dark energy. 

Dark Dwarfs are hypothetical forms of brown dwarfs. That kind of object can pull dark matter inside it. And start to get its energy from hypothetical dark matter particle impacts. There is a possibility that dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter. And if those things exist, they can be the eternal glow in the universe. But could those dark dwarves exist forever? That depends on one thing: does dark matter exist, depending on the visible matter, and visible particles? Or is dark matter formed in some independent process? 

Dark dwarfs are things that can form from brown dwarfs. Those brown dwarfs can pull dark matter particles into their core. All known gravitational centers can pull dark matter inside them. But how dense the object must be that it can start to glow because of dark energy. Hypothetical dark matter particles can form dark energy. When they collide with each other. The object must be very dense so that it can harness dark energy. 

Or could dark matter exist even before the visible matter formed in the event, or series of events, called the Big Bang? If dark matter formed in the Big Bang, that means its existence depends on the visible universe. But then, if we think about those hypothetical dark dwarfs, we face a situation where the small brown dwarf can start to pull dark matter particles, hypothetical axions, or WIMPS into its core. There, those WIMPs or axions interact with other WIMPs and axions. 

That causes annihilation or some kind of fusion between those particles. And then that makes those dark dwarves shine. Another question is this: can the dark matter annihilation form dark energy, or could the product of that reaction be the visible energy? That means dark matter fusion. or annihilation or WIMP impacts form dark energy. But then. We can think about cases like black holes. Near black holes, the dark energy density can be high enough. It can start interacting with visible particles or wave movement. 

And maybe dark energy and dark matter give at least part of the black hole’s energy. There is one way to transform dark energy into visible energy, and that method is to create a dark energy soliton. The dark energy soliton would be like all other solitons. It packs wave movement. Into one point. That increases the wave movement energy level and, in the same way, raises the wave height. And that means the dark energy solitons can also interact with their environment. Could some dark matter particles be some kind of solitons?  That explains why we cannot see those objects. 

https://www.durham.ac.uk/news-events/latest-news/2025/07/mysterious-dark-dwarfs-may-be-hiding-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way/

https://scitechdaily.com/these-stars-dont-burn-they-annihilate-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Little red dots and Eye of Sauron.

   Little red dots and Eye of Sauron. 

"Mysterious red galaxies from the universe’s dawn may trace back to rare, slow-spinning dark matter halos, creating extreme conditions that sparked rapid star or black hole growth. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Webb’s Mysterious “Little Red Dots” May Be the Cradle of the First Black Holes)

Little red dots at the edge of the Universe can be the shine of the first black holes in the universe. The dark matter puts those things to glow. There could be large skyrmions around those objects. When dark matter causes strong shockwaves around the universe. Maybe the dark matter halo forms high-energy radiation or dark energy waves around those objects. If that thing is right. Dark energy forms in dark matter interactions.  There can be so a high energy level in the dark energy radiation, dense material, and radiation fields around those black holes that the dark energy causes those fields to glow in red light. 

If that thing is true, those little red dots can open the mysteries of the Kugelbliz-black holes. Those black holes are predicted to form straight from the radiation. But how could that thing happen? The model goes like this. When two gravitational- or G-fields travel in opposite directions, that thing forms gravitons. Or, those opposite-direction traveling gravitational fields form whirls that form the gravitons. And then those gravitons start to pull each other. That thing forms more gravitons, hypothetical gravitation transporter particles, and when those gravitons travel together. That forms the kugelblitz-black hole. Gravitation is a wave movement. 

Miniature black holes can make interstellar travel and tractor beams possible. 

And that means those gravitons should be formed in the gravitational wave collisions, or maybe they form in whirls that form when two G-fields travel with opposite speeds. So, researchers can use the same models that were made for modeling hurricanes to model how those G-fields interact and how those kugelblitz black holes can form. The kugelblitz black holes are tools that can make interstellar travel possible. The black hole engine is a system where a black hole is in a chamber. And then the black hole’s relativistic jet pushes the craft ahead. 

The kugelblitz black holes can also make it possible to create the tractor beam. If somebody can control the miniature black holes in the chamber or control the direction of those black holes' relativistic jets, that person can create a tractor beam. The system turns the relativistic jet toward the target. And that makes those systems push things away. If the relativistic jet turns away from the object, the pulling effect of those black hole groups turns stronger than the pushing. But those things are futuristic visions. 

"Looking inside the plasma jet cone of the blazar PKS 1424+240 with a radio telescope of the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Credit: NSF/AUI/NRAO/B. Saxton/Y.Y. Kovalev et al." (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Capture the “Eye of Sauron” Beaming at Earth)

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A glimpse into a galaxy’s core: Astronomers have captured a detailed image of the birthplace of a powerful cosmic jet. With its artificial colors, the view strikingly resembles the legendary “Eye of Sauron.”

The neutrino puzzle: PKS 1424+240 stands out as the brightest known source of neutrinos of its kind. Yet its jet seemed far too sluggish to account for the extreme neutrino emissions observed.

Magnetic spirals powering particles: After 15 years of careful observations with the Very Long Baseline Array, scientists have revealed the jet’s structure in unprecedented detail. The image shows ring-shaped, or toroidal, magnetic fields that act like a coiled spring, accelerating particles to extraordinary energies. This mechanism finally explains both the high-energy neutrinos and the gamma rays pouring from this blazar.

Eye of Sauron, or Sauron’s eye can uncover the secrets of black holes. And the key question is: can the black hole be the supersolid form of the gravitational waves? 

(ScitechDaily, Astronomers Capture the “Eye of Sauron” Beaming at Earth)

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Eye of Sauron is the blazar to which a relativistic jet travels straight to Earth. So we can see straight through that structure. These kinds of things can uncover very strong interactions near black holes and their material disks. The Souron’s eye can also uncover things about the Einstein-Rosen bridge. Researchers can also investigate how the relativistic jet affects time. 

And maybe those things can tell us. About the strange world near black holes. The black hole's relativistic jet and material disk can cause situations where stars and planets explode, or those things can also press a planet into the black hole. The black hole caused the supernova to detonate twice. And that thing can tell us about things like how black holes interact with their environment. Black holes are things that create the material disk around them. That material disk is a little bit similar to a skyrmion. Skyrmions form around extremely low-energy particles. 

"Artistic depiction of the explosive interaction between the black hole and the massive nearby star (blue). As the separation between the star and the black hole decreased, the black hole’s intense gravity pulled gas and dust off of the star into a disk. Before the star was able to swallow the black hole, gravitational stress from the black hole triggered the star’s explosion. Collisions between the stellar explosion and shells of material from earlier interactions located above and below the disk, powered a dramatic re-brightening event. Credit: Melissa Weiss/CfA" (ScitecDaily, AI Captures Once-in-a-Lifetime Supernova That Glowed Twice)

Can denying the particle’s evaporation change into wave movement, deny the form of the gravitational effect? 

Those particles are actually a Bose-Einstein condensate. When energy starts to flow to those particles, that thing creates an energy ring around the particle. That means a skyrmion is like the energy ring around the object. That causes an interesting idea about gravity. If we think that the black hole is a gravitational soliton, then there should be gravitational skyrmions somewhere in the universe. And when we think of the case where the light turned into a supersolid form, we can think that maybe somewhere in the universe can be a gravitational soliton. That kind of effect, where the gravitational field turns into a supersolid form, could explain why gravitation behaves as it does. 

When a black hole evaporates or sends gravitational waves. That thing makes a similar effect to what ice makes when it melts. When a black hole sends gravitational waves, it causes a situation where other fields are traveling into it. Without that evaporation, the black hole will not pull things inside it. When ice melts, that thing requires energy that travels to the ice from the air around it. Same way, black hole evaporation pulls or binds energy from around it. 

And that energy that travels to a black hole is the thing. That pulls particles and waves into it. Without evaporation, the quantum fields will not travel to the black hole. So if we transform the idea that material evaporation or turning into wave movement causes a gravity effect, we could deny that effect by pumping energy to particles. And denying their chance at a wave movement. If matter doesn’t vaporize, there is no gravity. This is this model’s idea. 

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-captures-once-in-a-lifetime-supernova-that-glowed-twice/

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-capture-the-eye-of-sauron-beaming-at-earth/

https://scitechdaily.com/webbs-mysterious-little-red-dots-may-be-the-cradle-of-the-first-black-holes/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_skyrmion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyrmion

Cold material clouds near the center of the Milky Way can open new paths to cosmology and physics.

"High-resolution observations of the Milky Way’s Fermi bubbles have revealed dense, cold hydrogen clouds embedded within a superheated outflow, indicating that these colossal structures formed in a rapid, recent event. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, “Impossible” Cold Clouds Discovered in Milky Way’s Heart Challenge Astronomical Theories)

New observations about cold material clouds near the Milky Way’s center are challenging astronomical theories. Or maybe they tell more about conditions in those extreme areas than anybody expected. The Milky Way center is a very high-energy area. That means the material should be hot near Sagittarius A. When researchers find something very cold near that supermassive black hole there is a possibility that something simply pulls or pushes energy through that material. 

If things like quarks or something similar small, weakly interacting particles travel through material that thing can cause the effect that those neutrinos, etc. will transport energy out from that material. So something acts like a thermal pump. 

And there is a small possibility that dark energy is the thing that turns those material clouds into cold. If we think about the cases of dark dwarf stars near the center of the Milky Way. Collect dark matter and make them impact or annihilate, those particles can send so much dark energy that it pushes visible energy out from those cold material clouds. 

"An artist’s depiction of the relative sizes of the sun, a low mass star, a brown dwarf, Jupiter, and the Earth. Sizes are to scale, but distances are not. Credit: Jupiter: NASA, ESA, and A. Simon (NASA, GSFC). Sun and Low-Mass Star: NASA, SDO. Brown Dwarf: NASA, ESA, and JPL-Caltech. Earth: NASA. Infographic: NASA and E. Wheatley (STScI)" (Phys.org, Dark matter could create dark dwarfs at the center of the Milky Way)

The dark dwarf can collect so much dark matter, that the impacts of dark matter. Or, weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs happen so often that they send so much dark energy that it creates visible interaction between dark and visible material. If that is true of the dark matter particles, WIMPs’ impacts are the source of dark energy. And maybe that thing can change our view of dark matter and dark energy. 

Dark matter interaction through gravity is a well-known thing. That means gravity centers pack dark matter around them. The gravity centers like Sgr A* are the ultimate objects in the universe. That kind of ultimate gravity center can collect and pack dark matter into such a dense form that impacts between those particles happen so often, and they can create visible interaction with other objects and particles. This means that dark matter and dark energy also have some electromagnetic-style interactions with visible material. The only known interaction is gravitational. 

But the “shine” of visible material covers that interaction with it. Things like dark dwarfs are very dense objects that can collect the dark matter and its radiation into them. And there is a possibility that there is a dark dwarf near the center of the Milky Way that gets its energy from dark matter. The dark dwarf is the massive object that formed when a brown dwarf used up its fuel. This dark dwarf location near Sgr A* is also special. The dark dwarf pulls dark matter around it the another dark matter flow that Sgr A* pulls to it impacts that dark matter whirl. That causes impacts or even annihilation that turns dark matter very hot. 

And the ultimate high energy that Sgr A* sends can also interact with those WIMP particles. The model goes like this: the dark matter particles, hypothetical WIMPs, are so small that they send so short-wave radiation that we have no ability to observe that radiation. That means the dark energy can be a wave movement outside the gamma-rays. And if that is true it can open new visions for cosmology and space research. 

https://nasaspacenews.com/2025/07/dark-dwarfs-the-cosmic-clue-that-could-reveal-dark-matters-secrets/

https://phys.org/news/2025-07-dark-dwarfs-center-milky.html

https://scitechdaily.com/impossible-cold-clouds-discovered-in-milky-ways-heart-challenge-astronomical-theories/

Why dark energy that forms in black holes could interact with dark matter?

Molecules and hadrons are entirety. Atoms and quarks reflect radiation. But also bonds between those particles are reflecting wave movement with a frequency that is the same as their diameter. Also, electrons reflect wave movement that hits them. The reflection happens through superstrings that form the elementary particle. 

And if the length or state of those strings is different. That means the elementary particle transforms wave movement to a new frequency. Or because the state of energy level in those strings is individual. Every single superstring has its unique frequency. 

Those particles are transforming impacting energy to multiple frequencies. So the information that hits particles scatters in multiple states. And that means there is a possibility that we just haven't been able to search the dark energy from the right frequencies. 

Is the source of dark energy in gluons or gluon channels? That is transmitting the strong nuclear force? So gravitational waves can stress those channels. And that forms energy that is hard to see. If the black holes are the source of dark energy we must ask: does dark energy come straight from black holes or is there some transformation particle that transforms gravitational waves to dark energy? The fact is that a black hole can act like an elementary particle. And it can send radiation that is unknown to us. 

First, we must realize one thing. The theory of black holes as the source of dark energy is not closing the existence of dark matter. In that model, gravitational waves play a key role in the dark energy. When energy hits molecules and particles. Their energy level rises until it's higher than the environment. When energy or wave movement impacts molecules. Their atoms reflect that wave movement. But also chemical bonds between atoms send wave movement in their frequency. That depends on their diameter. So if energy travels straight out from those bonds that energy is hard to detect. 

Same way when energy hits to hadron like the proton and neutron it reflects that radiation as an entirety. But also quarks and bonds between those quarks are reflected. The reason why we cannot see radiation that comes from for example gluons or channels between quarks is that gluons are so small particles. They send radiation that wavelength is the same as their size. So that's why we cannot see that radiation quite easily. 

And that causes an idea that dark energy is wave movement that comes from some point if the atom that we just notice it. There is a possibility that gravitational waves are interacting only with strings between atoms that form molecules. 

Or maybe that reflection happens from inside a proton or neutron where gravitation interacts with gluon channels or gluons that are traveling between quarks. When that energy hits the gluon sends it through an energy channel between it and the quark. But a little bit of that wave movement travels straight out from the atom. 

There are two versions of how gravitational waves can form dark energy. 

1) Energy can transform in some particles. So when the gravitational wave hits some particle or particle's substructure that structure modifies its frequency. 

2) Black holes and their gravitational waves themselves are the sources of dark energy. That means dark energy is antigravitation. 

1) Gravitational waves can impact something. That is turning that extra gravitational energy into dark energy. So dark energy forms when some yet unknown particle transforms the wavelength of gravitational waves. Those particles can be "real particles". Or they can be virtual particles like small gravitational tornadoes. 

Sometimes individual superstring of electrons is introduced as the source of dark energy. In that case, when gravitational wave impacts the superstring which acts like a guitar string and sends wave movement around the universe. 

2) Gravitational waves can themselves be dark energy. In that model, the gravitational wave that travels in the opposite direction can form a situation where gravitation turns to repel objects. 

Black holes send gravitational waves all the time. That thing forms the model where black holes are like outwards traveling gravitational waves. And that means the event horizon is moving all the time. So that thing makes an interesting model of the gravitation around extremely massive objects. 

When gravitational waves travel out of the black hole. They are forming a vacuum behind them. That vacuum pulls objects into the black hole. Just in the middle of a black hole is the point where gravitational waves are forming statues or standing gravitational waves. 

When particles and wave movement are falling to the black hole's center. They are stuck to that gravitational statute called a singularity. There is the possibility that gravitational waves are forming closer to the event horizon. The requirement for that thing is a standing gravitational wave. 

When a gravitational wave travels out from a black hole it loses its energy. A black hole pulls also those waves back in. Or otherways all times when those outwards traveling gravitational wave impacts incoming particle and releases their energy to that particle. And in the point of the event horizon, its strength is dropped and it starts to let information travel through it in both directions. 

The energy level of the singularity increases until it turns higher than the energy that travels into the black hole. When the energy level of the black hole's center rises high enough it sends a gravitational wave. The power of a gravitational wave must be high enough that it can break the pull of a black hole. 

When those gravitational waves are impacting the point called the event horizon. Their energy turns lower. That energy impacts particles that are close to an event horizon. 

https://informationnevervanishes.blogspot.com/

New evidence: black holes are the source of dark energy

Black holes are candidates for a source of dark energy. Dark energy is the free energy or wave movement that rips the universe into pieces. And the thing that makes dark energy mysterious is that there seem no sources for that wave movement.  

Sometimes introduced that dark energy is the gravitational maser effect where crossing gravitational waves interact with other particles. And that causes the mysterious wave movement. At this point, I must say that those particles can be virtual. The virtual particle can be the whirl or wave in the gravitational- or some other wave movement. 

The thing that makes dark energy interesting is if its source is in black holes. That could mean that the secret of antigravitation can hide in the dark energy. 

Sometimes antigravitation is described as oppositely acting gravitational wave movement. And that makes the dark energy interesting. 

In some gravitational models, gravitation is formed when three quantum fields around the quarks cross each other. That thing forms the electromagnetic tornado. In that model, the gravitational tornado is electromagnetic low-pressure. And that pulls the particles or objects to each other. 

The idea of antigravitation is simple. The model of gravitational waves is that gravitation is radiation. And if those gravitational rays are hollow that forms electromagnetic low-pressure in that gravitational ray or channel. And those hollow radiation channels form the tornado-shaped radiation form where electromagnetic wave movement acts like a tornado. 

The source of antigravitation or pushing gravitation can be:

In the middle of the gravitational channel. 

Or at the edge of the gravitational channel. 

So what is antigravitation? 

Antigravitation is the effect where the repelling effect of the gravitational wave channel turns stronger than the pulling effect. The gravitational tornado sends gravitational waves from its edges. Gravitational waves are electromagnetic wave movements just like X- or gamma-rays. So if the gravitational whirl rotates at too high a speed that makes the pushing gravitational effect stronger than an electromagnetic vacuum can pull. 

One way to make antigravitation could be by sending some particles through those gravitational tornadoes. And that thing makes them repel objects. Or in some other models, if the speed of that whirl-shaped wave movement is high enough, that thing makes gravitational tornado pushing. In the last model, the gravitational tornado turns so small that the energy that travels from its edge turns stronger than electromagnetic low pressure in that electromagnetic tornado. 

It's the gravitational wave statue or small-size gravitational tornado where the interaction between the walls or edge of that tornado is stronger than the pulling effect of the electromagnetic low-pressure. 

In that model, the gravitation pushes and pulls at the same time. Gravitation is like a channel where is the shell that forming of superstrings (or extremely thin wave movement bites). 

The ratio of the inside of the channel to its edge determines does that gravitational tornado pull or pushes. If the edge is larger, or its energy level is so high that electromagnetic low-pressure cannot repeal it that makes gravitation push.  In that model, the antigravitation forms at the gravitational tornado's edge. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cosmological-coupling-new-evidence-points-to-black-holes-as-source-of-dark-energy/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

HYPER (Highly INteractive Particle Relics) is the new form of dark matter.

In some theories, dark matter and visible matter could interact in the young universe. The intensive heat and pressure pushed the particles together. So dark matter was part of the material. 

And then the universe started to expand. The universe's energy level decrease. And then dark matter and material interaction stopped. When we look at the three dominating things in the modern universe, the main dominator is dark energy. 

1) Dark energy

2) Dark matter 

3) Visible material. 

So in the young universe, dark matter and visible material were one entirety. Then that entirety broke. The thing was like nuclear fission. But on a different scale. Dark energy is wave movement that rips the universe into pieces. The origin of that energy is a mystery. The origin of that energy is in particles that we cannot see. 

The mystery of dark energy is that there is an interaction between that wave movement and visible material. Without that interaction, dark energy cannot rip the universe into pieces. But if dark energy is the remnant of some particles. 

That turned to wave movement a long time ago. There should not be any interaction between dark energy and visible material. 

That interaction means there is some common part between visible material and those particles. That remained a long time ago. 

But the weakness of this theory is that dark energy should travel at the front of the universe. So it should not exist in our universe. 

The thing, that makes dark energy interesting is that seems to be a weak and universal interaction similar way as gravitation. So in some ideas, the dark energy is the antigravitation.

Gravitation and dark energy are similar forces. They are both weak forces. So, could dark energy be the missing antigravitation? That's an interesting question. 

When the connection between dark matter and visible material breaks, that process released free energy. This means the dark energy or free energy that rips the universe in pieces is the remnant of that process.  But that thing is a simplified model. 

The problem with dark matter research is that nobody ever finds WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) that suppose to be dark matter particles. The problem is that nobody has ever seen that particle. 

In some theories, dark matter is a group of so high-energy particles. That it just cannot interact. One of the most interesting models explains the origin of dark matter like this: some eruption or "another Big Bang" released dark matter to time at a different moment than visible material. 

The dark matter comes after or goes forward to visible material in space and time. Because the particles have a different size than visible material, dark matter cannot interact. All theories about the form of dark matter are right before researchers can confirm the first interactions between dark- and visible material.  

There is one place in the universe where dark and visible materials are together. That place is the singularity in the center of black holes. Their massive gravitational pressure pushes dark matter and visible matter together. But the problem is that singularities are not very easily observable things. The gravitational waves can send information about things that happen inside black holes' event horizons. 

https://scitechdaily.com/hyper-highly-interactive-particle-relics-a-new-model-for-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

The cosmic inflation. And the thing that shouldn't be.

Image 1) 

Image 2) 

Image 1) This is what cosmic inflation should be. The universe's expansion should accelerate all the time because the gravitational effect turns weaker when the distance of particles increases. 

Image 2) This is what cosmic inflation is... The universe's expansion is too slow. That means theory and reality don't match. The image below is the theoretical model of the acceleration of the universe's expansion should be faster than it is. And that means we should re-estimate the cosmic inflation. 

The image on the top is what the universe's expansion should be. And the second image is what the expansion looks like. So that is the thing that some astronomers want to rule out cosmic inflation. The expansion of the universe is not as strong as it should be. 

And that causes problems. So there is the fixed model of cosmic inflation. In that model the inflation is two-staged.

1) Just after the Big Bang. Cosmic inflation was extremely powerful. In the young universe were particles that do not exist anymore. 

And those particles like photons with mass or "massive photons". When the universe turns colder those particles are destroyed. Or they turned to wave movement. That means the dark energy is the remnant of those particles. 

2) Cosmic inflation continues in modern times. But it's slower. The thing that causes this expansion is the dark energy or remnant of the ancient particles. The problem is that the acceleration of the expansion should be stronger than it is. If researchers can fix that model. That opens the way to dark energy and helps to create a more complete model of cosmology. 

The theory of dark energy is interesting. The question is why that wave movement doesn't cause visible interaction. Why does nothing resonate with that strange wave movement that rips the universe and cosmological theories in pieces? 

There is the possibility that the wavelength of that wave movement is so long that we just cannot see that resonance. So dark energy could be wave movement that is invisible because its wavelength is extremely long. Or the wavelength of the dark energy is extremely short. That means it could affect only the single superstring. That form quarks.

 Or it can resonate some part of gluons. In that model, the interaction between dark energy happens in the gluons. If gluon is a polar particle. It sends extra energy. That dark energy brings it to quarks. If those gluons or transmitter particles of a strong nuclear force are at the line of hypothetical poles of quarks. 

The existence of cosmic inflation is almost confirmed. Cosmic inflation means that the space's size to material expands. When the size of the universe expands the distance between particles grows. And because the distance between particles grows the gravitational effect and interaction between particles turn weaker. So the universe's expansion speed should accelerate. 

Another thing is that. Cosmic inflation is not what it should be. The expansion of the universe is not accelerating as fast as it should. The speed of acceleration is slower than it should be. That means there is too much material or too little energy in the system. 

When we think about the universe's geometrical shape the most common theory is that universe is flat or hyperbolic. The spheric universe is the only geometrical shape of the universe that will collapse. So the probability that the universe ends its fate in an expansion that continues forever is 1/3. But if the universe's origin is the Big Bang. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1".

"From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia.com/Shape of the universe)

The collapse of the universe requires that Ω > 1. That means there is a small possibility that the open universe can also be positive curvature. In that model, the universe would be like the bite of the spheric structure. 

If Ω = 1, the universe is flat.

If Ω > 1, the universe is positive curvature.

If Ω < 1, the universe is negative curvature.

That means the universe could be spheric. But if we think that the universe is flat, and the shape of the flat universe is like a disc. We can think that the universe's ultimate fate is not so easy to describe. There is a possibility that inside the universe are the sub-structures that can collapse even if the majority of material would continue its expansion forever.  

Or if we think that the Big Bang was a similar effect to the supernova. The Big Bang could form the time glass-shaped structure. That means the Big Bang along with the Schwinger effect formed two universes. But what was the Big Bang? Was it some kind of explosion in dark matter? That means the Big Bang was an event where the material reach a certain energy level. 

Dark matter or dark gravitation is the thing that made researchers believe in a big crunch. But then the dark energy caused the most common theory in cosmology is that the ultimate end of the universe is a big silence. That means the universe will continue its expansion forever. But then we must ask why cosmic inflation doesn't match with predictions. 

When we look at the cosmic timeline. We are facing one interesting question. Is there something that can push the universe from outside? Could there be something so powerful source of radiation outside the universe that it can affect the entirety?

If that hypothetical radiation source exists this thing can explain both dark matter and dark energy. The idea is that hypothetical radiation that comes outside the universe pushes objects and particles to the center of the universe. Then in the middle of the universe is forming a standing wave movement or some kind of tornado. That pushes this hypothetical radiation outside of the center of the universe. 

The fact is this nobody has ever seen that kind of radiation source. If the multiverse or another universe existed. That thing explains lots of things. But we must see another universe. Before, we can build that kind of model. The multiverse theory is not a theory. It's the philosophical logical series. 

Another universe could be a giant cloud of dark matter. But that thing is more philosophy than scientific theory.  

The idea of that theory is simple. Because we always are found new and larger structures like galaxy groups and cosmic web the logical step would be that there are other universes. But as I just wrote nobody saw another universe yet. Another universe would be another step in the series of mega- and Giga structures. The problem is that if the size of subatomic particles of another universe is different than visible material. Those universes would remain dark. 

https://astronomy.com/magazine/news/2021/01/the-beginning-to-the-end-of-the-universe-inflating-the-universe

https://www.space.com/18811-multiple-universes-5-theories.html

https://www.space.com/32728-parallel-universes.html

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/harvard-and-cambridge-astrophysicists-solve-the-mystery-of-cosmic-inflation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The dark matter mystery.

In some theories, the Big Bang was the Schwinger effect which turned wave movement into particle-antiparticle pairs. The Big Bang was the annihilation that destroyed and reformed particles. A small asymmetry in the relation of particles caused the situation that the material that we know as material forms the universe. 

This thing is interesting because the Schwinger effect always forms the same number of particles and antiparticles. So where came those extra particles that formed material? 

The Big Bang was probably a series of events where material transformed into energy, and again energy transformed back into the material. But then we must realize that dark matter must come from somewhere. Dark matter is a mystery. In the young universe, there was lots of dark matter. And then dark energy replaced dark matter as the most dominating force in the universe. 

There is a possibility. That in the early universe was some type of material that is lost today. That explains why in the young universe was no dark energy. But there was more dark matter. Cosmic inflation explains why the density of dark matter decreases, but what is the origin of free or dark energy that causes the universe's expansion? 

Cosmic inflation means that material density comparison with space decreases. The idea is similar when the balloon is put in a vacuum chamber. The vacuum pulls the balloon larger. 

And the pressure inside it is decreasing. Problem is that the cosmic inflation theory requires that the universe's acceleration speed increases. 

The reason for that is when the distance between objects increases gravitational effect between them decreases. But that thing does not seem quite right. The expansion speed of the universe doesn't accelerate. Or it accelerates less than it should.  

Is the origin of dark energy the annihilation between unknown particle-antiparticle pairs? That means dark energy is an echo from the particles, destroyed a long time ago. 

If we think that the Big Bang formed two or three types of material. That might have no other interaction than gravitation.  In some models, the Big Bang released three types of matter. 

1)Cold Dark matter ********************1)Cold Dark matter

2)Hot Dark matter*******'** or********* 2)Visible material

3)Visible material *********************3)Hot dark matter

Even if dark matter consists of two versions of hot and cold dark matter, that doesn't mean that hot and cold dark matter has a stronger interaction than hot and cold dark matter and visible material. 

There is a possibility that visible matter is between cold and hot dark matter. The existence of hot and cold dark matter is not confirmed. But if visible material is between the hot and cold dark matter. That means dark matter interaction goes through the visible matter. So if that thing is true could the dark energy be the result of that unproven interaction? 

If visible material is between cold and dark matter that means the dark matter forms a giant maser effect in the universe. The idea in that model is that before the "real Big Bang" happened that event released dark matter. 

Then the ring of visible material is released, and finally, another wave of dark matter is released into the universe. That model is taken from nuclear bombs where lots of radiation is released just before the weapon explodes. 

The fact is that. Dark matter is not proven to be material at all. In some visions, the dark matter is some kind of gravitational maser effect. But that thing is very hard to prove. We know that there is some kind of gravitational effect whose source is unknown. And that's almost everything that we know about dark matter. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Is gravitation itself dark energy?

 

"Using a new process of laser cooling, MIT physicists have invented a new technique to cool atoms into condensates faster than the conventional method while conserving a large fraction of the original atoms". ScitechDaily.com/MIT Physicists Develop a Faster Way to Make Bose-Einstein Condensates).

So, could this similar phenomenon explain gravitation? 

If some wave motion travels through an atom, or subatomic elementary particle it turns the particle colder. Or particle drops to a lower energy level. That causes a situation where energy from outside starts to travel in that particle. That is on the lower energy level. That wave motion causes a situation, where wave motion. Which travels in cooler particles and takes other particles with it. And, that could explain why gravitation is so weak in interaction. 

Gravitation is radiation or wave motion. And when wave motion travels through quantum fields it takes part of that quantum field to itself. That means the wave motion that travels through quantum fields makes those quantum fields weaker. 

So is gravitation itself the dark energy? Or is it a carrier wave that transports unknown wave motion? Dark Energy means free energy or mysterious wave motion that rips the universe into pieces. But could that thing be some kind of form of gravitation? If gravitational radiation is like a pike, it could explain why we cannot see that thing. 

When we look at the case, where a laser ray takes energy away from an atom and transforms it to Bose-Einstein condensate, we can imagine that gravitation works a similar way. There is the possibility that gravitational radiation travels through subatomic particles and that radiation acts like a laser ray that pushes energy away from the atom. 

If that thing is right gravitational radiation push energy away from the quantum field that is forming the major part of atoms and subatomic particles. When gravitational-wave motion or gravitational radiation travels across the particles it takes part of the quantum field with it. 

And then that effectively turns the quantum field smaller. When the quantum field turns smaller it causes an electromagnetic low-pressure. And that thing causes the outside quantum fields are pushing particles harder. If that model is right. That means gravitational radiation or some other radiation rips particles into pieces.

When that wave motion impacts the quantum field it causes interaction. That interaction increases free energy in the system. And that free energy causes a situation that rips material into pieces. When the quantum field is turning weaker the outside quantum field starts to push material harder.

But cosmic inflation means that also outside quantum field is turning weaker. And that thing causes the quantum fields of subatomic particles to turn larger. Those quantum fields are also turning weaker. And that means the free energy slips inside the system. Free energy doesn't take a part in the system. But it breaks the subatomic bonds between elementary particles. 

At first, atoms break, and then the subatomic elementary particles turn to wave motion. The reason for that is strange radiation that is traveling in the universe. The name of that radiation is Dark Energy. But is gravitational radiation the same thing as Dark energy? Or is gravitational radiation only a carrier wave, that transports some other radiation? 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-physicists-develop-a-faster-way-to-make-bose-einstein-condensates/

Dark energy and wormholes

In one very wild theory energy channels or shortcuts through the universe called Einstein-Rose's bridges or wormholes transport energy and material from the Big Bang. To the middle of the universe's timeline. When material and energy are in a wormhole. They cannot interact with their environment. 

Theoretical wormholes form between superpositioned and entangled black holes. And that means when those black holes at the end of those wormholes are vaporizing. They are bringing energy outside the universe in it. 

When energy and material fall into black holes. Energy and material are out of the universe. The black hole itself is a giant wormhole. Because escaping velocity inside the event horizon is higher than the speed of light, that thing means time runs backward in that thing. Logically thinking Black holes should take information to the point where they formed. 

So when we think about dark energy and its connection with cosmic inflation. We can say just that there is too much free energy in a quantum system called the universe. The fact is that the source of dark energy is unknown. And that thing means it's dark. 

We know that it exists. But that is the only thing that we know about it. Dark matter is a strange gravitational effect whose source remains unknown. And in some theories, dark matter is particles whose temperature is lower than the cosmic background or zero Kelvin. 

In some theories, dark energy and dark matter have a connection. There is a possibility that dark matter is quantum size black holes that are sending radiation that we cannot see. When gravitational waves are traveling between those quantum-size black holes they will push energy to those gravitational waves. 

Gravitational waves are wave motion. When those gravitational waves receive extra energy they deliver it when the energy level around them turns lower. Or if gravitational waves are not delivering that extra energy. The hypothetical gravitons are delivering extra energy. When they are at lower gravitational energy space. 

Gravitation might seem very strange but it's wave motion. And its form of energy. So gravitons and gravitational waves are acting like all other wave motion.  There should be some transportation particle that sends gravitational waves. 

And gravitational waves can form every form that all other wave motions can form. That means things like gravitational skyrmions and other things are also possible. And maybe gravitational skyrmions are surrounding black holes. 

But somebody introduced that the source of dark matter is standing gravitational waves. That means that dark matter is virtual material. The fact is this. Dark matter is something that interacts with visible matter by gravitation. 

The gravitational interaction is the only known interaction between dark and visible matter. That means gravitation itself can accelerate hypothetical dark matter particles. When the dark matter is in some gravitational field that field just interacts with it like all other matter. And in some theories dark matter is the source of dark energy. 

The wildest theory of dark energy is that free energy comes from wormholes. That transports energy from the Big Bang to some point in the universe's timeline. 

Theoretical Einstein-Rose's bridge or wormhole is a shortcut through time and space. When the Big Bang happened. There could form many small black holes. 

The Big Bang could form a large black hole just after it.  If those black holes form wormholes between them and that larger black hole. That means they took energy and material away from the universe. In the theory of wormholes when material and energy or wave motion are in those energy channels, they cannot interact with the environment. 

That means the material and wave motion is outside the universe. It cannot interact with its environment. The reason for that is that the gravitational radiation that closes this channel is too strong. And it pushes all other gravitational radiation back into the wormhole. 

So when some of those black holes are vaporizing. They release energy to the universe. And that means if there is a wormhole from the Big Bang to a certain point in the universe's timeline it forms the shortcut to that point in time and space. Those black holes deliver energy that comes outside the universe. 

See also: 

Cosmic inflation

Dark energy

Dark matter

Wormhole

The hollow universe model.

"In some models, dark energy is only the wave motion that travels faster than it should. An idea of this model is that the universe speed of light is not the same in the entire universe. And that thing forms the effect called "dark energy". "

The geometrical shape of the universe is a thing that determines the ultimate fate of the universe. The problem with determining or finding out the universe's geometrical shape is that we can see only a small part of the universe. Most of the material is in the form of dark matter. Dark matter determines the shape of the universe. 

Those possible shapes are spherical, hyperbolic, and flat universe. If the universe's shape is spherical gravitation will win. And the universe collapses in Big Crunch. Otherwise, the universe continues its expansion forever. 

The idea is that the spherical universe is hollow like all other universes. And the Big Bang pushed all material away from it forming a pressure wave. That pressure wave consists of all material that we know. If the universe is flat that theory introduces the universe as the form of a compact disk-shaped structure. If the universe's shape is spherical that thing means that material is forming a ball there is a hole in it. 

The weakness of those models is that they handle the universe as a 2D structure. The universe is a 3D structure that is in the 3D universe. But in the most interesting models, there is a hole in the middle of the material. That can be a ring-shaped or hollow ball or layer where is a hole. That hole also works with the parabolic universe. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space." (Wikipedia/Shape of the universe)

 

In that model, the energy level in that hole is lower than in other places of the universe. But that hole's energy level is higher than the energy level of the space where the universe hovers. And that causes the situation where energy from the universe travels outside the universe. But energy also travels in the hole of the universe. In that hole wave motion impacts together and forms a situation where the energy level of that area rises.

Because the energy level of the hole is higher than the energy level outside the system. That causes the bottom flow where energy travels from the hole to outside the universe. And that thing means that the energy that comes inside the universe blows the material ring outside. So the energy that travels out from the hole is the free energy that rips the universe into pieces. And the name of that free energy is dark energy because nobody has seen the origin of that mysterious wave motion. 

There is the possibility that the universe looks like the Kuiper belt. But it's far more massive and larger than this structure. That surrounds the solar system. 

But there is a possibility that there is a hole in the universe. 

The idea of this model comes from the idea that the Big Bang formed a shockwave. That is similar to the ring that forms when a hydrogen bomb explodes. That ring is visible in image 2, which portrays the thermonuclear detonation in the Pacific Ocean in the 1950s. 

So the material in the universe is in the mega- tera-structure that looks like Saturn's rings or Kuiper belt which is a ball-shaped asteroid and dust structure that surrounds our solar system. There is a possibility that the visible material is forming the ring-shaped structure in the ball-shaped entirety that is formed of dark matter. 

That thing means that the Big Bang formed the material that travels across the universe like the ring-shaped shockwave that forms when a hydrogen bomb or supernova explodes. And if the universe's shape is some kind of wheel or hollow ball. That thing could explain the dark energy in a very fascinating way. 

Image 3: Model of the hollow universe

1) Hole

2) Material ring where all known material exists. 

3) Space where the universe hovers. 

"Chart shows the proportion of different components of the universe  – about 95% is dark matter and dark energy." (Wikipedia/Big Bang)

How does this model explain dark energy? 

In this model inside, the donut-shaped or hollow spherical universe is the hole where the energy level is lower than in the material ring that surrounds that hole. The energy level in that hole is higher than the energy level of the ring-shaped (or ball-shaped) universe's outer edge. 

So energy travels in both sides of the ring where all material that we know exists. But then in the middle of that ring is a higher energy level than outside the system. And that makes the bottom flow, which makes the energy travel across the universe. From inside to outside that thing. And that energy flow will push the universe larger. So that thing makes cosmic inflation possible. 

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/kuiper-belt/overview/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

Cosmic inflation: the universe loses its mass.

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Could the dark energy's source hide in the dark matter that releases its extra energy to the universe?

Could the dark energy's source hide in the dark matter that releases its extra energy to the universe? This thing increases the level of free energy in the system. That thing would explain why we cannot see the source of that mysterious wave motion. 

In some theories, black holes force particles like neutrinos, electrons, and photons to travel parabolic trajectories around them. During that process, the black holes pump gravitational energy to those particles. And if some of those particles are particles that we cannot see, like hypothetical gravitons. That explains dark energy. 

So if the hypothetical dark matter particles are traveling around black holes those black holes are pumping gravitational energy to those particles. When those particles are traveling away from that black hole. Those particles would release that extra energy in wave motion's form. So if there are dark matter particles that are getting energy from the black hole. 

That means the wave motion that they send would be invisible to us. When a black hole will put the dark matter travel in a parabolic trajectory that dark matter sends the wave motion like all other material.

******************************************

We always call the bubble of known material and energy the universe. The story of known material or energy began with an event, called the "Big Bang". That Big Bang pushes material away from it. And after that, the expansion of the universe continues. The energy flows away from it all the time. When energy travels out from the universe, it loses its mass. 

The universe is in the middle of a great vacuum. And that means the speed of the expanding universe is higher in its "edge" than inside it. The laws of quantum mechanics are also dominating the universe. And because there is a vacuum. 

There is nothing that we know about energy traveling to that vacuum. The reason for that is that the vacuum outside the universe has a lower energy level than plasma in our universe. So the space outside the universe must be lower than the minimum energy level in our universe. 

That thing means energy travels to that vacuum. The energy flow continues until the universe and space outside it reach a minimum energy level. That means energy to travel out from the universe ends when there is no energy inside the universe. 

The reason why. we cannot see space outside the universe is simple: all radiation travels to that vacuum or away from us. That means because the radiation travels out from the universe we cannot see it. After all, we see the radiation behind it. There should be something that makes the radiation reflect so that we can make observations of the areas outside our universe. 

That empty vacuum and the strange wave motion called dark energy are the things that make the universe expand. Cosmic inflation means that the size of space increases. And the mass of material to particle-form energy decreases. That thing causes suspicions that dark energy has some kind of connection with cosmic inflation. 

We should not think of material or particles and their quantum fields separately. The subatomic particle is only an extremely thick quantum field. So material, particles, and wave motion are only different forms of energy. 

There are many theories about the origin of dark energy. Dark energy could be mysterious antigravitation as I wrote earlier in this blog. 

There is the possibility that dark energy is the energy that comes outside of our universe. In some theories, dark energy is energy that comes from other universes. If we could someday see the other universe that explains the dark energy. 

Dark energy means free energy that rips the universe into pieces. There is the possibility that when cosmic inflation decreases the power of the quantum fields in our universe increases the speed of vaporization of the material. When particles are turning to wave motion. 

That means the material is turning to energy. So when the speed of that metamorphosis increases. That increases the level of free energy in the system called the universe. Dark energy is free energy but its source is unknown. In some other theories, dark energy is wave motion that travels in wormholes. In that case, the wave motion that moves in those cosmic energy channels is the thing that pushes the edge of our universe outside. 

The edge of the universe means the most distant photons that were left from the Big Bang. There is nothing that can limit the speed of those photons except the gravitation of the universe. So the separation speed of those photons is 2 times higher than the speed of light. And outside the universe light should travel faster than in the universe. 

In some theories, black holes pump very much kinetic energy to photons or some other particles. And those particles are the source of the dark energy. 

By researching galaxies researchers think that universe's edge is not very clear. There should be some kind of halo at the edge of the universe. Just like galaxies have at the edge of the universe. That means the material or quantum fields at the edge of the universe would turn thinner and thinner all the time. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter