Scientists think that life can thrive on a rogue planet’s moons.

"New research points to a previously overlooked setting for life: moons drifting through interstellar space with no sunlight at all. Under the right conditions, they may maintain long-lasting, habitable environments (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Life Without a Sun? Scientists Say It May Thrive on Rogue Planet Moons)

Rogue planets, or at least some of them, have an origin as a planet in a planetary system. Then, a cosmic catastrophe, such as a nova eruption or supernova explosion, pushes that planet away from its orbital trajectory. This causes a situation. Where a rogue planet and its moons can start to travel through the universe. 

But can those rogue planets or their moons host life? The fact is that. Rogue planets are distant objects from their star. The star changes into a red giant before it explodes. And in that short period, it’s possible that primitive lifeforms start to form on distant planets. 

Then, a nova or supernova pushes that planet away from its solar system. In that process. The temperature on the planet drops very fast. In that case, some of those primitive organisms could survive in ice. There is a possibility that those organisms can take the rest form. Maybe. Those bacteria can turn. They themselves are spores. Like anthrax bacteria. And those rest forms could remain theoretically forever if they are in stable conditions. But can those spores wake up? That is one of the most interesting questions. There is a possibility. 

Those lifeforms. They can get their energy from volcanic heat. If the organism lives on the moon, which orbits a large rogue planet, that can cause a tidal wave, which keeps that moon’s inner core liquid. Tidal forces can form very high temperatures. And that energy. It can give enough energy. That some tiny organisms could survive and thrive on that planet, or its moons. Those small organisms could live under the icy shell of those exoplanets. This means that rogue planets or their moons might host life, which could be very similar to Earth's bacteria. 

Can a rogue planet support intelligent life? 

Life on some  rogue planet’s moons is a very rare but possible idea. In some extreme models of that idea, the alien civilization could see that their star will turn unstable. If they don’t have the resources to start interstellar travel, that could remain for millennia. Those alien creatures could hide their gemates under their home planet’s surface. 

Intelligent aliens can build bases under a rogue planet’s ice shell. They can use nuclear power or water that is liquid because of tidal forces. As a power source. Those tidal forces can keep the core of those moons warm. And there can be liquid water under a very thick ice layer. 

This means those maybe intelligent creatures could remain under the ice of rogue planets. The idea is taken. From the Sci-Fi series, where the human moon colony travels across the universe on the moon. That nukes were thrown away from the Earth orbiter. 

Could some intelligent civilization think that it can survive the explosion of its star by burying its spores? into the ice of the freezing planet that the explosion throws away from its trajectory? This is one of the wildest scenarios of things that a rogue planet can cause. And of course, maybe someday. Humans can make bases under the ice of rogue planets. 

https://scitechdaily.com/life-without-a-sun-scientists-say-it-may-thrive-on-rogue-planet-moons/

Europa’s oceans are silent.

"Cutaway illustration of Europa’s icy crust, subsurface ocean, and possible vents that transport material to the surface. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say Europa’s Ocean May Be Too Quiet for Life)

Jupiter’s  Europa-moon oceans can be dead. So, new research suggests. That there are no lifeforms under that moon’s icy surface. When we think about Europa’s oceans. The Europa moon's oceans. They are not like oceans on Earth. Those oceans remain liquid because the gravity of that moon is very weak. Jupiter’s gravity causes powerful tidal waves. Under. Icy shell of that interesting moon. This tidal force causes the water whirl around that moon’s core. 

"A new study led by Paul Byrne, an associate professor of Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences, raises doubts about whether Europa’s ocean could support life at its base. By analyzing the moon’s size, the composition of its rocky interior, and the gravitational pull it experiences from Jupiter, the research team found little evidence that Europa has the kind of active geology thought to be essential for life. Their results suggest the moon lacks tectonic movement, hydrothermal vents, and other forms of underwater activity that could supply energy to living systems." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say Europa’s Ocean May Be Too Quiet for Life)

And this thing makes the magnetic field for that moon. The magnetic field. Denies cosmic radiation and radiation that comes from Jupiter’s plasma ring from destroying water molecules on the Europa moon. Europa is the icy water moon. This means that magma, which is the liquid rock under Earth’s shell, is replaced by water in Europa. 

Magnetic field. Forms when the magnetic mineral dust in the water spins around the core of that moon. So, can there be lifeforms in that moon’s ocean? The thing is that there are no things like fish. The creatures that researchers may hope to find are primitive bacteria-type organisms. If those organisms exist, their metabolism will be very slow. 

There is a possibility that those organisms can synthesize oxygen from water. Using electrolysis, which can form when the noble and base metals are near each other. This electrolysis might not be very effective. But if there are no beasts in that ocean, that can be enough for those organisms to maintain their processes. Those things are only guesses. But the thing is that. This moon can also be dead and cold. But the thing is that Europa itself is interesting. That moon can tell. About conditions. What is on icy planets, and why can those planets that can be giant ice giants exist? 

There may be no geothermal energy in Europa. This means that the core of that moon. It can be. A very small. Thing. Without radioactive material. And the energy that keeps the oceans liquid forms when tidal forces and the cryovolcanos cooperate. The cryovolcano forms low pressure. Under the moon’s icy shell, that weak gravity keeps water molecules separate. The tidal forces. Puts those molecules in motion, in the weak gravity. Because of. In weak gravity, water can be liquid in far lower temperatures than on Earth. If there are lifeforms, those lifeforms can hover in the freezing water rather than be on the bottom of the moon. 

We can determine life as a self-replicating structure. Those structures can react and interact with each other. The fact is. Nobody knows what organisms on other planets or moons look like. Some models suggest that. On very low-temperature moons or planets, DNA can create ice bites. These are DNA-controlled. There is a model. That alien organisms can be water ice. And theoretically. The nanobubbles can form a similar structure to the DNA. Those things cannot be stable on Earth. But. In very low-energy, stable conditions, it is possible that the self-replicating structures can exist. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-say-europas-ocean-may-be-too-quiet-for-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)

Can Venus host lifeforms?

"An artist’s impression of the proposed VERVE mission to Venus the answer whether tiny bacterial lifeforms really do exist in the planet’s clouds. Credit: Danielle Futselaar" (ScitechDaily, Unexplained Gases on Venus: Could They Be the Sign of Alien Life?)

"Could microbial life be drifting in the clouds of Venus? With unexplained signs of phosphine and ammonia scientists are developing a bold new space mission to find out." ScitechDaily, Unexplained Gases on Venus: Could They Be the Sign of Alien Life?)

Phosphine in Venus' atmosphere still remains. Researchers found phosphine and ammonia in that planet’s atmosphere. That causes the possibility that there can be lifeforms on Venus’ clouds. That planet’s atmosphere is far different from Earth's. It’s mainly carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. 

That means that the atmosphere is very flat. It turns denser differently from Earth. The density rises lower and faster than Earth's atmosphere. If there are some kind of lifeforms, that means there can be some kind of diatoms or other algae or bacteria that can hover. Using their oxygen bubbles. Carbon dioxide is heavier than nitrogen and oxygen. So, if we fill a bag using air, that bag rises to Venus’s atmosphere. 

In some SciFi novels, astronauts rise to their Venus platforms by filling the bags using air, and that bag raises them to the Venus highlands. That causes an idea that in some planet’s atmosphere could hover medusa-type lifeforms that can create oxygen in their cells. Then those “medusas” can hover in that planet’s atmosphere. Originally, astronomer Carl Sagan introduced the idea of “living balls” that could hide in Jupiter or Saturn’s atmospheres. 

So the high pressure of the Venus surface denies water boiling. And one of the models of lifeforms that can survive in extreme conditions is found near hydrothermal vents deep under the ocean surface. 

Supercritical water that doesn’t boil at extremely high temperatures keeps worms, bacteria, and shrimp alive near hydrothermal vents. Hydrothermal vents, called “black smokers,” maintain ecosystems at the depths of the oceans. 

"Black smoker in the Atlantic Ocean" (Wikipedia, Hydrothermal vent)

The reality is that there are always people who say that lifeforms on planets like Venus are impossible because of their temperature and pressure. Those arguments cause discussions because high pressure increases the water's boiling point. The high pressure causes a situation where there could be lifeforms near black smokers, or officially, hydrothermal vents. Water pressure near those hydrothermal vents that are over 3000 meters below the surface is enormous. That pressure forms supercritical water near those hydrothermal vents.

There are bacteria and some worms near those extremely hot points. Those bacteria, worms, and shrimps can stay alive because of the supercritical water. Because water doesn’t form bubbles, those organisms that require enzyme and protein synthesis in that environment can stay alive. If those same organisms rise to normal air pressure and to that temperature, they will die immediately. 

Because of the boiling water, maybe those things can give hints about the lifeforms that can survive on extreme planets. And then we must consider that those lifeforms are fully adapted to their environment, which can be deadly to us. We and no lifeform that lives on drylands can survive near hydrothermal vents. But those lifeforms cannot survive on Earth either. 

https://scitechdaily.com/unexplained-gases-on-venus-could-they-be-the-sign-of-alien-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent

The new bacteria tell us that life can be weirder than we can imagine.

"Rice scientists found bacteria that breathe by releasing electricity, revealing a natural process with major clean tech potential. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover Bizarre Bacteria That “Breathe” Electricity Instead of Air)

If we want to find alien life, we don't need to search for it from another planet. We can find bizarre creatures on our planet. The electricity-breathing bacteria is a good example of that thing. 

Bacteria that breathe electricity instead of air can make new biosensors possible. Those bacteria push electrons into their surroundings. This allows them to eliminate the need for oxygen. This kind of bacteria can turn anaerobic environments and processes more effective. That kind of bacteria can keep those ecosystems in balance. That makes those bacteria very effective tools in bio- and nanotechnology. 

But it can also help to make models. About another planet's possible biospheres. The bacteria that don't need free oxygen are possible. There is lots of oxygen in the water. That means that bacteria must only break water molecules in their cell organelles so that they can live in water worlds. The thing is that those kinds of lifeforms can exist. 

"Possible signs of life on a distant planet? Not so fast. New research shows the signal might just be ordinary molecules, not alien biology. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Is It Alien Life – or Just Ethane? Scientists Reassess Webb Telescope Discovery)

"This artist’s impression shows what the faraway planet K2-18b, its host star and an accompanying planet in this system might look like. A new University of Chicago analysis has cast doubt on an earlier finding that concluded data showed evidence for life on the planet. Credit: ESA/Hubble, M. Kornmesser" (ScitechDaily, Is It Alien Life – or Just Ethane? Scientists Reassess Webb Telescope Discovery). 

The problem with that thing is distance. That means that life on that planet remains open. And we can discuss that thing endlessly. There was a little bit of ethane and dimethyl phosphine in the spectral analysis. Chemists can produce those compounds in the laboratory but they are also formed in biological processes. 

That means they might be far from things that we used to think or see. When we think about planets that are more than hundreds of light years away from Earth. We cannot be sure if there are some life forms. Before we visit that planet. The JWST telescope's new observations are things that cause discussions and divide opinions. The new observations tell us that those molecules can be just ethane, not biological processes. And then again, what were they before? 

There was ethane on some exoplanet (K2-18b) and that's it. Confirming those alien creatures' existence or non-existence requires far more advanced methods than even the JWST telescope can give. The JWST is an impressive tool. But it cannot find bacteria over hundreds of light years. On earth, ethane forms in biological processes. But it's possible to create that compound in the laboratory. 

The sign of dimethyl sulfide was much weaker than the ethane. But the main question is, why is that signal so weak? Did light travel through something that we cannot see? There are many things and a great distance between K2-18b and Earth. That means the measurements are difficult. Distance to that object is 124 ly. That means we see things that happened 124 years ago. And the primitive lifeforms are always hard to detect. 

But when we think about the bacteria that replace air using electricity. We face an interesting possibility. There is the possibility that somewhere on some other planet live organisms that use electricity to produce oxygen from their environment using electric processes. Theoretically bacteria or, why not, more complicated lifeforms can produce oxygen by using electric processes. The bacteria must have the ability to break water molecules in their cell organelles. That can happen by using electrolysis. 

Those kinds of organisms are not living on Earth. But maybe those things can live in some planet's atmosphere if there is enough water vapor. Those electric-eat bacteria should be investigated more because they could explain why some people are so tired. If that kind of bacteria is near the nervous system, it can make low voltage or disturb electric signals in the nervous channel or axons.

https://scitechdaily.com/is-it-alien-life-or-just-ethane-scientists-reassess-webb-telescope-discovery/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-bizarre-bacteria-that-breathe-electricity-instead-of-air/