Gravitational lensing can uncover dark matter.

“Artist’s impression illustrating how wave-like density patterns produced by ultralight dark matter could warp space and alter the path of light from a distant source. As the light travels past the lensing object on its way to Earth, it follows a distorted path shaped by the surrounding mass distribution. The reflective sphere symbolizes the still-unknown nature of dark matter. The image was created using 3D computer graphics software. Credit: Amruth Alfred.” (ScitechDaily, Dark Matter May Behave Like Waves and a Distant Quasar Could Prove It)

Distant quasars can prove that dark matter acts like waves. And if the mythical WIMP is a quantum-sized black hole. That explains gravitational waves. This means that the graviton is a WIMP. That missing graviton boson is just the traveling quantum-sized black hole. This means that. When. Those quantum-sized black holes travel through the universe. They bind energy from around them. And that can explain why gravity is so special. 

Dark matter can bend light. And that can make it possible to see the WIMP. Dark matter is a mystery. It is a gravitational effect with an invisible source. Some galaxies seem to have less dark matter than others. That tells us dark matter can be denser in some areas. And less dense. In some other areas. How dense could those dark matter nebulas be? Nobody knows. Could dark matter form black holes in a very dense energy field? It should. 

Have the ability. To form a black hole. If. Dark matter particles interact through gravity. They should. Have the ability. To form black holes. The black hole doesn’t just pull matter inside it. Its energy also pushes particles away.  So if WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are quantum-sized black holes. Their halos could have a stronger push effect. Compared. With the event horizon size. than so-called “regular” black holes do. 

The only fact that reseachers know about that strange phenomenon is this. Dark matter. Has gravitational interaction with visible matter. There are. Many things that dark matter could be. In some visions, dark matter is a particle. 

Inside some other particle. And if the particle spins very fast. That spin forms the quantum vacuum around the particle. 

When quantum fields from around the particle try to fill that point. That. Increases the pull of the particle’s gravitational field. When wave movement travels through that microvacuum. That microvacuum stretches it. Its wave movement becomes longer. 

Another version of that model is that Dark matter could be quantum-sized black holes. 

There is also a model. That dark matter is the cosmic minivacuums. Those microvacuums form when very high-energy particles travel outside the galaxy. When. Those particles travel out from the galactic halo. 

They suddenly go into a very low-energy space. This makes them release energy very fast. That forms a cosmic microvacuum. This acts like a particle. 

If. Particles like photons or electrons form outside the galaxy supercluster. They travel faster than they can travel in the supercluster. They release their energy into the plasma. That connects galaxies in the supercluster. And that forms the radiation. 

In some other models, dark energy and dark matter are connected to the universe’s expansion.

There could be a denser plasma wave at the outer border of the universe. That plasma formed when the Big Bang sent an energy wave into the universe. When. That energy wave traveled through space. There formed whirls in that energy. Those whirls turned into the first electrons and later quarks. 

Today, the expansion of the universe forms similar but lower-energy whirls behind that borderline of the universe. There. Could be cosmic microvacuums just inside the plasma wave. And when particles go into that microvacuum, they evaporate. 

If. We think that most of the matter in the universe is at the outer border of the universe. So. The border of the universe is heavier than the internal areas. If. Most galaxies are in that border. 

That means the border sends energy into the universe’s internal areas. There, that energy reflects. And pushes the outer border outward. If the outer border of the universe. Particles also escape from the universe. In that case, those particles also evaporate. They send radiation. And subparticles back to the universe. Those particles impact the universe’s borderline. And they travel faster. Than. They should. 

When those particles impact the universe. They. Must release their kinetic energy. This forms Cherenkov radiation in the universe. That radiation forms when quarks or some other particles hit the border of the universe. The same thing happens inside the plasma wave. But. When a particle evaporates inside that plasma wave. All energy and subparticles can escape from the universe only through that plasma border. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-may-behave-like-waves-and-a-distant-quasar-could-prove-it/

Can the universe's shape explain dark matter?

If we think of visible matter, or the visible geometry of the universe, as a disk. Round plate or ball. Galaxies and most of its matter are at the edge of this structure. This means that the edge of the universe is at a higher energy level than its inner structure. That means It’s hard to see matter that is “behind us”. In those models, the universe is a round structure. Galaxies. And other visible matter is mainly in the ring or ball around that larger structure. If we are in that plasma ring, the rest of the universe is hard to see. The model is like we are in a cloud. And anyway, our own galaxy, stars, and the plasma halo in the galaxy. 

They disturb observations. This means. Our own galaxy covers lots of things, even between galaxies. And if we are in the giant plasma ring that surrounds the entire universe. That means energy or wave movement also travels in the middle of the universe. There, it reflects. And that makes the universe act a little bit like a giant vacuum bomb. The universe is full of macro- and micro-scale structures. 

And all of those structures send wave motion. Those waves have the same wavelength. 

As. Their sender’s size or diameter is. This means that the universe is a very complicated structure. Full of substructures. And that forms another conclusion. The mistake with dark energy. It can be that. Reseachers thought that this energy is uniform. Dark energy can be multiple different waves with different wavelengths. When. Particles like free quarks, other fermions, and bosons evaporate. They send waves that travel at the speed of light. When. A gravitational wave leaves the supernova. Exploded two billion light-years ago. The gravitational wave reaches us two billion years after the explosion. The reason why we cannot see the Big Bang is this. Photons. That event sent. Travel ahead of us. We cannot see photons from behind. 

We can see reflected photons. Or photons coming into our direction. When the Big Bang sent photons. Those photons travel through space. There is nothing. That can reflect them. This means that those photons cannot reach us. But if we someday see one photon. That is from the Big Bang. That means it reflected outside the universe. 

In the same way, there is a model. That dark energy could be the same as dark matter. 

When lower-energy waves hit the galactic halo. Lower-energy waves. Pull that halo toward it. Dark energy can form in particles. That have a very low energy level. When those particles evaporate, they send wave movement into their environment. That wave movement can have a higher energy level than the environment it travels through. But the wave can have a lower energy level than the galactic halo. Most known galaxies are in so-called local galaxy clusters. 

Galaxy clusters, or local clusters, form superclusters. This means there are multiple plasma layers with multiple energy levels. The halo around galactic superclusters has a lower energy level than the halo around galaxy clusters and individual galaxies. The superclusters form megaclusters. 

So that means the energy level of the wave that impacts those plasma structures. They can have a higher energy level than the plasma around galaxy superclusters. So the same energy can push galaxy superclusters. But pull local clusters. This means.  If. The energy wave's energy level is lower than the energy level in the halo surrounding a galaxy. That wave cannot pass the galaxy halo. The same way a wave can travel through the energy that surrounds a galaxy megacluster. This means that the wave has a higher energy level than the plasma halo around the megacluster. But its energy level can be lower than in a subcluster. 

Another thing. What makes calculations hard is recoil. When particles evaporate, they send photons or wave motion. That. Wave movement. And photons cause recoil. So at the far edge of the universe. Particles evaporate very fast. In. Cosmic vacuums or voids. Particles evaporate very fast. Energy always travels to a lower-energy environment. This means that A recoil is asymmetrical at the edge of cosmic voids or at the edge of the universe. That recoil pushes harder toward the outside of the universe. We see a complex interaction that includes low-energy radiation. Recoil and waves that left billions of years ago. 

Dark matter is not ruled out as the cause of the Milky Way's strange glow.

“An image of the gamma-ray excess observed at the center of the Milky Way, overlaid on an optical image of the galaxy. Scientists have debated the origin of this excess and whether it could be caused by dark matter for more than a decade. Credit: NASA; A. Mellinger/Central Michigan University; T. Linden/University of Chicago” (ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Mysterious Glow May Be Dark Matter After All)

Milky Way’s strange glow. The high-energy gamma-ray emission caused grey hair among astronomers. There is suspicion that the annihilating dark matter. It can cause the gamma-ray glow. This suggests that gamma-ray emission can occur when high-density dark matter particles collide. That can explain why this halo seems to come from the Sagittarius A. Sgr*A. Or around it. This means that the dark matter. 

It can form a similar material disk. Around the SgrA as visible matter. The material disk around the Sgr*A. It is one. Of the highest energy objects in the universe. This means that. The energy level in the dark matter material disk would be enormous. But can dark matter send gamma-rays? That is one of the things that answers require more observations. If there is some kind of annihilation between those dark matter particles. 

That should require. That. There is also an anti-matter version of the dark matter. This means that the hypothetical dark matter particles. They should have an anti-particle pair. But nobody has seen a dark matter particle yet. The glow can also form. In the friction between dark matter particles in the extremely dense energy field. But if dark matter sends gamma-rays. That causes this glow. 

The gamma-ray glow. It can come directly from dark matter. Or it can be an emission radiation from other particles. This means that in an extremely high-energy area. The matter moves very fast. This can cause a situation. That dark energy that the dark matter sends. It can cause visible interaction with some material particles. The glow could also form. When dark matter particles hit electrons. If those impacts happen often enough. That thing. It can raise the energy level in those visible particles. That we can see that reaction. 

There is a model about dark matter. The idea is that dark matter actually glows. Or we could see that thing. But the glow from the visible particles covers that glow below it. If dark matter particles send dark energy. That energy could have such a short wavelength. That gamma-rays could cover that thin layer below it. If that is right. The dark matter particle. It’s a very small and high-energy particle. There is a model. That's the dark matter particles. They are the same as mythical gravitons. 

The idea is that. The dark matter particle. It is a quantum-sized black hole. If that is right. The quantum-sized black holes. Smaller than quarks. They can also send dark energy. Those quantum black holes. They have similar halos, energy disks, and relativistic jets. As normal black holes  have. Those things are only a far smaller size. So, when those halos and transition disks impact each other. That thing can send gamma-rays. If that model. It's true. The relativistic jet that those black holes form. It can turn into a superstring. 

In this model. In the middle of every single particle is a quantum-size black hole. The shell of the particle. It will be the halo of those extremely small black holes. 

This means that those quantum-sized relativistic jets are things. That makes particles pull each other. When that quantum jet hits a lower-energy particle. That lower energy particle. Pulls energy from that string. That will pull the other particle. To that lower energy particle. Or rather saying. Lower energy particle. It pulls fields to it. Then that field falls. The higher energy particle. Then that higher-energy particle points its relativistic jet at another particle. And then. The lower energy particle pulls. The higher energy particle. To it.

This could explain many things. Like annihilation. The annihilation forms. When opposite-spinning quantum fields touch each other.  This means that. This effect is similar to the collimation of the larger black holes. That can explain the gamma-ray burst in annihilation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-mysterious-glow-may-be-dark-matter-after-all/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*

Can we accept? That there are galaxies without dark matter.

“This Hubble image shows the stars of ultra-diffuse galaxy DF9, along with a series of background objects, mostly galaxies, located at much greater distances. DF9 makes almost a perfect line, at least in two-dimensional space, with previously identified dark matter-free candidate galaxies DF2 and DF4, suggesting, but not proving, a possible association."

"Credit: M.A. Keim et al., Hubble Space Telescope/ESA/NASA, Astrophysical Journal, 2026” (BigThink, Is it finally time to take dark matter-free galaxies seriously?)

The reason. Why ultra diffuse galaxies? Spin differently than they should. It can be in their formation. The galaxies have only a couple of stars. Normally, those galaxies involve more dark matter than usual. And some of the ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDG). Formed almost entirely of dark matter. Dark matter keeps those galaxies in their form.  But there are UDGs without dark matter. 

This means that there must be a weaker electromagnetic interaction between stars than usual. Or the spin of the galaxy is slow. The question is. What is the dark matter's role as a wave transporter? We know that wave. It cannot move in an absolute vacuum. So, is dark matter some kind of “ether”? Things that can transport wave movement. But itself be unseen? Or is there interaction between dark matter particles? And could that energy be the mythic dark energy? That means. Dark energy could have its source in dark matter. 

There are four possible galaxies. There seems to be no dark matter. Those galaxies. If they have no dark matter. That doesn’t prove dark matter non-existent. They prove that dark matter is matter like all other matter. It could be oscillating superstrings. When those superstrings move. They could form small whirls. That acts like materia. But the galaxy without dark matter supports a model. That dark energy source is in dark matter. And dark matter could have a particle form. 

The galaxy without dark matter seems very rare. The only known force that interacts with dark matter. It's gravity. The galaxy without dark matter suggests that there must be another force. That should transport dark matter away from the galaxy. The galaxy without dark matter. Tells. That. Dark matter should form similar structures to visible matter. Or at least dark matter should form some kind of nebulae in the universe. The idea that dark matter is not homogeneously spread. 

The universe is interesting. The point. There is no dark matter. That is interesting. If the only thing that affects dark matter is gravitation. The gravitational center. It should pack dark matter around it. But a galaxy that has no dark matter. Causes thoughts. That may be dark energy has its source in dark matter. Dark matter. It could have a similar evaporation process to visible matter. If dark matter has a particle form. It should have a similar evaporation process. 

As visible particles. This means that dark matter. It should send a wave movement. And another particle that this wave motion can affect is another dark matter particle. When we think about particle interactions. There are a couple of things that make interaction visible. The interaction must affect a large enough area. It can push the receiving particle. The interaction must stand. As long as it can affect another particle's behavior. 

But then what makes a particle visible? That is the size of the particle. The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that a particle sends is the same as its diameter. This means. Particles must transmit radiation or wave motion. In wavelengths that we can see. If the size of those hypothetical dark matter particles. It is far different than well- or less well-known particles. That means. We cannot see that particle. The visible particle. It must send. Some radiation is between gamma rays and radio waves. Or it must send gravitational waves. That position in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is unknown. 

The problem with dark matter is this. Nobody has seen that matter yet. Dark matter is predicted to form in the same Big Bang as visible matter.  But it’s only a theorem. It’s possible that dark matter is formed in a different stage of the Big Bang than visible matter. This causes an interesting idea. 

******************************************************

Key Takeaways

Less than a decade ago, the first allegedly dark matter-free galaxy, a dwarf galaxy on the outskirts of the NGC 1052 group (NGC 1052-DF2) was identified: a seemingly faint, massive, ultra-diffuse galaxy.

An enormous controversy then erupted, as different methods of measuring its distance led to vastly different estimates of its velocity dispersion, which led to vastly different implications for its internal amount of dark matter.

We’re now up to four seemingly dark matter-free galaxies, but three of them are all in the same location: the outskirts of the NGC 1052 group. Are these truly dark matter-free galaxies? Or did we simply get their distances grossly wrong?

(BigThink, Is it finally time to take dark matter-free galaxies seriously?)

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What if dark matter or most of dark matter formed just before visible matter? That thing could explain dark energy. That means. Outside the universe and galaxies could be structures. That's like the Oort Cloud. The brightness of galaxies. That can cover those structures below it. 

This means that. The dark matter surrounds the universe like the Oort cloud surrounds the solar system. Those clouds could cause gravitational interaction. That pulls the entire universe outward. If there is no resistance outside that hypothetical dark matter disk. 

The model is that. The disk surrounds the universe. And orbits it. That means it could pull energy from the universe faster than it should. The reason for that is this. The universe. It's the only higher-energy object in this disk. The space outside that “Universe’s Oort Cloud”. It is at a lower energy level. That causes a reaction. There, that disk delivers that energy into outer space. 

The inner layer of that hypothetical disk. It is at a higher energy level. And its outer layer is in a lower energy level than the universe. This causes a situation. There, the energy travels straight through that material disk. Because energy travels in one direction. That energy pushes the material disk away. And that pulls the universe and its edge behind it. In some models. There is a plasma shockwave that surrounds the universe.

“The distance from the Oort cloud to the interior of the Solar System, and two of the nearest stars, is measured in astronomical units. The scale is logarithmic: each indicated distance is ten times as far out as the previous distance. The red arrow indicates the projected location, in 2025–2027, of the space probe Voyager 1, which may reach the Oort cloud about 300 years later. “ (Wikipedia, Oort cloud)

Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud. (Wikipedia, Oort cloud)Those images introduce how large it is. That Oort cloud is. And it’s possible. That is the galaxies and the universe. That structure. It could be far larger than galaxies and their halos. Or it could be larger than even the universe. 

Maybe the energy minimum. In that plasma ring or plasma bubble. It is. A little bit higher than inside and outside it. Outside that plasma wave. That energy minimum is lower than inside the plasma ball. This thing causes energy to flow out from the universe. And could there be a similar effect around the galaxies? The energy vampire. Very low energy objects. That surrounds galactic halos. These kinds of objects. That orbits the galaxy. They can also pull energy out from that halo. And then transfer it out of that structure. 

This plasma bubble is similar to the heliopause. But its size. It is far larger. Similar plasma bubbles. They surround each galaxy. That causes an idea. That maybe. Dark matter could be positioned. In the bubbles that surround galaxies. If the matter is, or just outside those bubbles. And its energy level is lower than the energy level of the galaxy. That matter will pull energy into it. And if that energy continues its journey. That will not be seen in the plasma bubble. 

Those bubbles cause reflection. That reflects radiation back to the galaxy and the universe. This reflection causes. That we cannot see dim objects and dim matter that is between galaxies. So, in this model, the difference between energy minima is. In and outside the universe. That is the thing. That causes the universe's expansion. 

Could that thing explain? Why can't we see Planet 9? 

And by the way. The reason. For. Why can't we see Planet 9? It can be just outside the heliosphere. If Planet 9 exists, and it’s at a lower energy level than the shockwave that forms at the point. The particle flow from the sun. Impacts particles that come from other stars. If that planet’s energy level or temperature is lower than this plasma's. That plasma’s shine. Covers that planet’s existence. 

If energy travels to that planet. But its reflection cannot enter the solar system. Because. It's too weak. It cannot travel through that plasma bubble. Because the plasma bubble’s energy level is higher than that of reflection. That thing means that. The reflection from that hypothetical planet simply cannot reach the telescope on the ground. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-matter-free-galaxies/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

Largest spinning structure in the universe. And gravitational waves can help to understand dark energy and dark matter.

“A figure illustrating the rotation of neutral hydrogen (right) in galaxies residing in an extended filament (middle), where the galaxies exhibit a coherent bulk rotational motion tracing the large-scale cosmic web (left). Credit: Lyla Jung” (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Discover One of the Largest Rotating Structures Ever Seen in the Universe)

Researchers found the largest spinning structure in the universe. Those kinds of structures are interesting. The spinning neutral hydrogen binds energy as all other particles. When neutral hydrogen slows, it releases its wave movement. 

They can explain dark energy. And dark matter. Those structures can store lots of energy when they spin. And when their spin speed decreases. Those giant megastructures. Can release the energy that they stored during the spin. So the question about dark energy and dark matter is simple. What puts energy into motion? 

And what mass makes the mysterious gravitational effect? That we call dark energy. There is one silly thought in my mind. And could the hypothetical WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) neutrinos. That spins at a higher speed. Than. Other neutrinos. Anyway. We can think. Dark energy can form in WIMPs. That can change their rotation speed. 

When a WIMP accelerates its rotation, it binds energy. When WIMP slows down, it delivers energy. Because nobody has seen WIMP, but some interactions tell. That dark matter can have. Some other interactions. Than just the gravitational. So, could WIMP be the neutrino that changes its spin and direction? 

When neutrino beams travel through the stars, it can cause a situation. Where energy fields. Exist around stars. Starts to fall into that star. That energy will make those stars glow. The neutrinos can also collide. Those collimations can cause energy impulses around the universe. 

All particles are an energy form. If some particle decays or energy turns into particles, that releases and binds energy. That means that. Dark energy and dark matter can form. When the Schwinger effect. Or, wave-particle duality. Turns energy into particles, and particles turn into energy. Energy is another name for the wave movement.

“New theoretical work suggests that the faint ripples produced as small black holes spiral into larger ones could quietly expose the invisible structures surrounding galactic centers. Credit: Stock” (ScitechDaily, Gravitational Waves Expose Hidden Dark Matter Around Black Holes)

Gravity waves and X-ray bursts. Tell about black holes. 

Gravity waves uncover hidden dark matter around black holes. That gives a tip. That maybe high-energy X- and gamma rays can interact with those dark matter particles. The idea is that if those very high-energy dark matter particles. Or weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs are particles, and the intense X-rays and gamma-rays can put those particles in spin faster than other WIMP particles. 

That can mean that. Those particles can be heavier than outside the black hole’s radiation. This can cause an effect that we see. As the form. Of stronger gravitational waves. Than somewhere else. The intense X- and gamma-rays can also interact strongly than usual. This means that those radiation types can also affect particles. That do not usually interact with electromagnetic (EM) radiation. X-rays and gamma-rays. They are also connected with the weak nuclear interaction. 

So that causes the thought. That may be. Things like unusually high-energy neutrinos can also. It has something to do with the gravitational waves around black holes. When the speed of those particles accelerates. Particles bind fields. While. The particle’s spin slows down. Particles deliver their energy as radiation. This means that there is a small possibility that the neutrino can be the hypothetical graviton. 

Or if a hypothetical tachyon particle exists, it slows down before sensors can see it. And maybe it decays into a photon and a neutrino. There is also a possibility that. Maybe. Black hole’s gravitational field. And virtual redshift transforms hypothetical Hawking radiation into the X-rays and gamma-rays. The idea is that. The massive gravitational field stretches radiation. Also, fields. That travel to the black hole pushes back to radiation and particles. That forms massive waves in the points where waves and particles impact. 

But those things are not so easy to prove. The massive gravity stretches all kinds of radiation. This means that, originally, X-rays and Gamma-rays could have been other types of radiation. The X-ray burst’s origin. It is in the black hole. During X-ray and gamma-ray bursts, the black hole’s gravity stretches radiation before it can escape. From the black holes. Maybe some other radiation. That which has shorter wavelengths is transforming in massive gravity and field interactions into gamma- and X-rays. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-discover-one-of-the-largest-rotating-structures-ever-seen-in-the-universe/

https://scitechdaily.com/decoding-the-universes-most-violent-explosions-new-data-on-x-ray-bursts/

https://scitechdaily.com/gravitational-waves-expose-hidden-dark-matter-around-black-holes/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

The fifth image uncovers the nature of dark matter.

"A mysterious fifth image inside a rare Einstein Cross exposed a massive halo of dark matter, giving astronomers a rare chance to study both the distant galaxy and the invisible structures shaping the cosmos. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Spot “Impossible” Fifth Image Unlocking Dark Matter Secrets)

Einstein’s cross is the gravitational effect where gravity bends light; its image is multiplied to appear as if it were four galaxies. The fifth image in Einstein’s cross was caused by an invisible massive object. That massive object could be a massive dark matter cloud. This effect tells us about the nature of dark matter. We know that only confirmed interaction between dark and visible matter is gravitational. Dark matter can also form things like black holes. The black hole that dark matter’s mutual gravity effect forms could exist in intergalactic space. This kind of black hole could get its energy from dark matter. 

And the gravitational microlensing can uncover this kind of black hole. The black hole pulls so small an amount of visible matter that this black hole cannot form a bright halo that could be seen from Earth. Dark matter can form a wave movement, where the wavelength is the same as the diameter of a hypothetical weakly interacting massive particle, WIMPs. That means that those WIMPs could be a source of dark energy when a black hole pulls those particles. That thing makes those particles impact and press energy into them. Black holes pull energy inside them. 

"A rare cosmic configuration: An Einstein Cross with five points of light, instead of the usual four, has been discovered by scientists. Credit: P. Cox et al. – ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)" (ScitechDaily, Astronomers Spot “Impossible” Fifth Image Unlocking Dark Matter Secrets)

And this means. Black holes can also pull dark energy into them. If dark energy interacts with dark matter particles near black holes, that energy causes them to glow. And maybe, that glow is at least one part of the dark energy. We know that dark matter is not homogeneously spread across the universe. Gravitational centers pull dark matter around them. And that means galaxies, and especially black holes and neutron stars, are pulling dark matter halos around them. Those effects are micro-level phenomena. If we compare them with galaxy-size effects. 

Almost all galaxies are surrounded by dark matter halos, but there are exceptions. And that means dark matter can form similar structures with visible material. In galaxies, dark matter has a gravitational effect. Allows galaxies to rotate faster than they would without dark matter’s effect. Without dark matter, the centripetal force breaks the galactic structures. So, a galaxy that has no dark matter should spin more slowly. The dark matter halo outside the galaxy pulls material out, and the supermassive black hole with the object’s mutual gravity keeps galaxies in their form. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-spot-impossible-fifth-image-unlocking-dark-matter-secrets/

Dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter.

 Dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter. 

"Mysterious “dark dwarfs” may glow eternally by burning invisible dark matter — and spotting them could finally crack one of the universe’s greatest mysteries. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com"(ScitechDaily, These Stars Don’t Burn – They Annihilate Dark Matter)

Astronomers may have discovered a whole new type of star — mysterious “dark dwarfs” that could glow forever by feeding on dark matter, the invisible substance thought to make up most of the universe. Unlike ordinary stars that burn nuclear fuel, these strange objects might be powered by annihilating dark matter particles, creating an eternal source of light. (ScitechDaily, These Stars Don’t Burn – They Annihilate Dark Matter)

In some hypotheses, Dark matter particle collisions are a dark energy sources. The gravitational center can collect those particles, but the object must have a certain density so that it can bind that dark energy. Another version is that the energy density in dark energy must be high enough. It can interact with visible material. Dark matter has a gravitational interaction. With visible matter. That means the gravity center can collect dark matter into them. And that can make those objects shine. 

And if dark dwarfs or dark stars annihilate dark matter, that means they form dark energy. Or change dark matter particles, hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, WIMPs, or axions into dark energy. 

Dark Dwarfs are hypothetical forms of brown dwarfs. That kind of object can pull dark matter inside it. And start to get its energy from hypothetical dark matter particle impacts. There is a possibility that dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter. And if those things exist, they can be the eternal glow in the universe. But could those dark dwarves exist forever? That depends on one thing: does dark matter exist, depending on the visible matter, and visible particles? Or is dark matter formed in some independent process? 

Dark dwarfs are things that can form from brown dwarfs. Those brown dwarfs can pull dark matter particles into their core. All known gravitational centers can pull dark matter inside them. But how dense the object must be that it can start to glow because of dark energy. Hypothetical dark matter particles can form dark energy. When they collide with each other. The object must be very dense so that it can harness dark energy. 

Or could dark matter exist even before the visible matter formed in the event, or series of events, called the Big Bang? If dark matter formed in the Big Bang, that means its existence depends on the visible universe. But then, if we think about those hypothetical dark dwarfs, we face a situation where the small brown dwarf can start to pull dark matter particles, hypothetical axions, or WIMPS into its core. There, those WIMPs or axions interact with other WIMPs and axions. 

That causes annihilation or some kind of fusion between those particles. And then that makes those dark dwarves shine. Another question is this: can the dark matter annihilation form dark energy, or could the product of that reaction be the visible energy? That means dark matter fusion. or annihilation or WIMP impacts form dark energy. But then. We can think about cases like black holes. Near black holes, the dark energy density can be high enough. It can start interacting with visible particles or wave movement. 

And maybe dark energy and dark matter give at least part of the black hole’s energy. There is one way to transform dark energy into visible energy, and that method is to create a dark energy soliton. The dark energy soliton would be like all other solitons. It packs wave movement. Into one point. That increases the wave movement energy level and, in the same way, raises the wave height. And that means the dark energy solitons can also interact with their environment. Could some dark matter particles be some kind of solitons?  That explains why we cannot see those objects. 

https://www.durham.ac.uk/news-events/latest-news/2025/07/mysterious-dark-dwarfs-may-be-hiding-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way/

https://scitechdaily.com/these-stars-dont-burn-they-annihilate-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Can dark matter transform planets or red dwarfs into a black hole?

 Can dark matter transform planets or red dwarfs into a black hole? 

"Black hole inside? Exoplanet observations could provide a new way to search for superheavy dark matter. (Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech)" (Physics world, Exoplanets suffering from a plague of dark matter could turn into black holes)

Theoretically, any object in the universe can transform into a black hole. That means dark matter can form a black hole like visible matter. Dark matter can also play a role in cases where small red dwarfs or planets turn into black holes. There are no observations about those planetary-sized black holes. But they can exist. 

Theoretically, black holes' relativistic jets. Or supernova explosions can turn a planet’s atmosphere into super-high temperatures. And this can cause energy to flow into the planet’s or a small star’s core. And if the gravity field travels to the front of the shockwave, that can cause a situation where the object just vanishes. 

Dark matter that travels into the small object’s core can pull that core into form. There, the self-sustaining nuclear fusion can begin. The mass of the star should be high enough that the whirls and entropy cannot break the fusion core. If the star is too light and fusion starts, it blows the star’s shell out. And that pulls the fusion core larger, causing energy loss. 

If a star is too heavy, the fusion that starts in the middle of it can be too strong. And that blows the star’s shell outside. The loss of energy causes a different situation. Gravity pulls the shell back into its form. And then the star turns into a black hole, immediately when its fusion begins. In the cases of the heaviest nebulae, the nebula can fall straight into the black hole. 

When we think about the possibility that dark matter can transform a planet into a black hole, that can happen in two ways.

1) The dark matter can move into the planet’s core and pull it into a black hole. 

2) Dark matter can form a plague on the planet’s shell. In that case, dark matter annihilation, or other interactions, can form dark energy. That dark energy that travels into the planet’s core can cause an implosion, where a small reflecting wave can make a small vacuum in the planet’s core. The idea is that dark matter doesn’t let energy travel out from that object. That can cause the planet to fall into a form. That we call a black hole. 

When a star forms, the energy level in its shell must be higher than in the core. Then that outside energy pushes particles into the form that fusion can begin. If that fusion is too strong, it detonates the star. When fusion ignites, the star blows a little bit of its mass away, and that forms rings around stars. That forms the asteroid belts around our sun. And that flash can form the situation that some other stars around that star also ignite. 

New theory suggests that dark matter can transform planets into black holes. In the original text, only giant planets are mentioned. Maybe dark matter particles can also transform less massive objects into black holes. The idea is simple. Dark matter interacts with other dark matter particles or “units”. We don’t know what dark matter is, so we could use the word “unit” to describe the dark matter centers. In this text, 'dark matter particles' refers to the same concept as the 'dark matter units”. 

We must realize that the electromagnetic fields near the gravity center are weaker than the outer shell of that field. And that makes the energy travel into the gravity center, taking particles with it. So, the idea is that dark matter units or particles can make the group or cloud. If the massive dark matter cloud travels into the planet’s core, that thing can cause the planet to collapse into a black hole. Dark matter can be massive particles that can cause a situation where the planet falls into a black hole. 

But what is dark matter, or some kind of condensed material impacts things like red dwarfs? That kind of condensed material can pull lots of energy out from that star. There is a possibility that a red dwarf will follow the route of the dark matter beam that travels to the black hole. That dwarf star can collect the dark matter in its core. And that can cause a fall into the black hole. Another scenario can be that. 

Condensed material can pull lots of energy out from a red dwarf. That can cause a situation where the red dwarf turns into a very low-energy form. If the red dwarf loses its energy production and its core turns into a too-low-energy form, the red dwarf can fall like all other stars. But can its mass and energy turn that object into a black hole? In that case, the object cannot explode if the nuclear fusion doesn’t ignite during the fall. 

The idea is that the dark matter can increase the weight of the planet’s core. Then the energy increases the planet’s atmospheric energy level. The super-hot atmosphere put energy to travel into the middle of the planet. Another model is that a planet or a small star can lose its core’s energy level. And that makes energy and matter fall into the middle of the planet. In the same way, extreme conditions near the center of Milky Way-type galaxies can cause a situation where even red or brown dwarfs start to glow hotter than they should. In that model, the density of the dark energy can cause a situation where Dark energy can make small stars glow hotter than they should. 

Can dark matter be the thing that makes the smallest known M-type stars create self-sustaining nuclear fusion? 

The dark matter interaction can also explain. Why some of the smallest known red dwarfs can maintain nuclear fusion. The idea is that the small protostar can pull dark matter into its nucleus, and that thing pulls the nucleus. And starts the nuclear fusion. 

Conditions near the galaxy center or near black holes are extremely. When a planet or a red dwarf loses energy from their core and their atmosphere turns into very high energy, that thing can push those objects into black holes. We know that dark matter is not homogeneously spread throughout the universe. There are points where the dark matter forms denser structures than at other points. So if the planet or red dwarf travels into the dark matter cloud. It can start to pull dark matter into it. 

Dark matter behaves like regular material, and that means it positions itself into a planet’s core, or a red dwarf's core. That can cause a situation where that planet or a small star collapses into a black hole. The thing that can press even a small planet into a black hole can be a situation where a condensed photon beam takes all the energy from the planet’s core. Then the high-energy shell and atmosphere press the planet into the singularity. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/exoplanets-suffering-from-a-plague-of-dark-matter-could-turn-into-black-holes/

https://scitechdaily.com/can-dark-matter-turn-giant-planets-into-black-holes/

What if all we thought about dark matter is wrong?

  What if all we thought about dark matter is wrong? 

Above: Cosmic gamma-ray background.

So, what makes gravitational waves and gravitational fields move? That is the key question in dark matter research. There are suggestions that the gravitational effect that we know as “dark matter” can be quantum-sized black holes, or some kind of particles like axions. The problem is that nobody has seen any axion yet. And if somebody says that the still hypothetical free graviton particles are the thing that forms dark matter, the next question is: what are gravitons? Are they quantum-size black holes?

Gravitons are theoretical gravitation transporter particles. Those particles are things that cause gravitational waves moving. But another thing is that dark matter can be anything that we can imagine. The only known fact is this: there is some kind of gravitational effect whose origin is unknown. 

All four fundamental interactions are some kind of radiation. And each of those interactions has its own individual wavelength. Each fundamental interaction, gravity, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, and electromagnetism, has its own individual radiation type. 

Then we can think about the shape of materia. The particle is like a whisk. The strings that form the particle shell have a certain height. When a particle spins, it binds energy into it as kinetic energy. Sometimes a particle’s energy level turns higher than its environment. And in that moment particle sends waves. Those waves’ wavelength is the same as the particle’s diameter. But the height of those strings also causes limits in that interaction. Strings on the particle’s shell touch the field. Those strings are like flaps on paddlewheels. Their height determines the wave types that the particle can bind to. If those strings are high, that particle can bind a longer wavelength. 

There is one rule for interaction. Radiation or water must have access between those flaps. If the paddlewheel or propeller spins too fast, that causes an effect called supercavitation. The water has no time to fall between those flaps or between the propeller’s blades, which causes the paddle wheel or propeller to spin in a bubble. And that causes an interesting hypothesis. 

Could there be a particle that spins so fast that it causes supercavitation in the quantum fields? Can some particle spin so fast that it can make a cavitation bubble in the gravitational field? If that particle exists, that means gravitation will not affect that particle. Gravitation affects that particle’s quantum bubble. But it doesn’t affect the particle itself like other particles. If particle groups like hadrons spin very fast, their quarks can turn into a straight row. 

That spin can cause a situation where quantum fields or radiation travel to the axle of that particle row. And that can make the particle a hard target for observers. Fast spin can also throw radiation past the particle. This makes it invisible. But can that thing be possible with elementary particles? And can some particle throw gravitational radiation, or gravitational waves, past it? That causes an effect where gravitational waves slide over particles without causing interaction. But can this be true? Heaven knows. 

And in that case. Longer wavelengths. Like electromagnetism covers other, shorter wavelenght below them. That means electromagnetic force covers weak and strong nuclear forces. And gravity below it. If something pulls the G-field into something, that field pulls other fields to that particle. 

There is a possibility to press all parts of an atom into one entirety called a singularity. The reason why we cannot see the singularity is that its so smooth. Those superstrings on its surface are so low that they can bind only short-wave radiation. That means the particle will be surrounded by the standing gravity field. The singularity harnesses the G-field that transports other fields to the singularity.  How long will that singularity remain? As long as the outside fields can press that thing into one entirety. 

But there is a possibility that if the particle spins very fast. That causes a situation where longer wavelengths have no time to fall between those strings. That means the extremely fast-spinning particle drives fields past it like a stealth aircraft. The idea is that the G-field is the shortest wave radiation, and the fastest spinning objects can cause a situation where the only thing that can interact with that particle is the G-field. The G-field is the only thing that has time to fall between those strings. 

This causes another very interesting question. Can there be a so fast-spinning particle that even the gravity field, or G-field, has no time to fall between those strings? If that kind of particle exists. That would be the revolution for physics. 

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-universe/what-if-weve-been-thinking-about-dark-matter-all-wrong-scientist-wonders

Cold material clouds near the center of the Milky Way can open new paths to cosmology and physics.

"High-resolution observations of the Milky Way’s Fermi bubbles have revealed dense, cold hydrogen clouds embedded within a superheated outflow, indicating that these colossal structures formed in a rapid, recent event. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, “Impossible” Cold Clouds Discovered in Milky Way’s Heart Challenge Astronomical Theories)

New observations about cold material clouds near the Milky Way’s center are challenging astronomical theories. Or maybe they tell more about conditions in those extreme areas than anybody expected. The Milky Way center is a very high-energy area. That means the material should be hot near Sagittarius A. When researchers find something very cold near that supermassive black hole there is a possibility that something simply pulls or pushes energy through that material. 

If things like quarks or something similar small, weakly interacting particles travel through material that thing can cause the effect that those neutrinos, etc. will transport energy out from that material. So something acts like a thermal pump. 

And there is a small possibility that dark energy is the thing that turns those material clouds into cold. If we think about the cases of dark dwarf stars near the center of the Milky Way. Collect dark matter and make them impact or annihilate, those particles can send so much dark energy that it pushes visible energy out from those cold material clouds. 

"An artist’s depiction of the relative sizes of the sun, a low mass star, a brown dwarf, Jupiter, and the Earth. Sizes are to scale, but distances are not. Credit: Jupiter: NASA, ESA, and A. Simon (NASA, GSFC). Sun and Low-Mass Star: NASA, SDO. Brown Dwarf: NASA, ESA, and JPL-Caltech. Earth: NASA. Infographic: NASA and E. Wheatley (STScI)" (Phys.org, Dark matter could create dark dwarfs at the center of the Milky Way)

The dark dwarf can collect so much dark matter, that the impacts of dark matter. Or, weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs happen so often that they send so much dark energy that it creates visible interaction between dark and visible material. If that is true of the dark matter particles, WIMPs’ impacts are the source of dark energy. And maybe that thing can change our view of dark matter and dark energy. 

Dark matter interaction through gravity is a well-known thing. That means gravity centers pack dark matter around them. The gravity centers like Sgr A* are the ultimate objects in the universe. That kind of ultimate gravity center can collect and pack dark matter into such a dense form that impacts between those particles happen so often, and they can create visible interaction with other objects and particles. This means that dark matter and dark energy also have some electromagnetic-style interactions with visible material. The only known interaction is gravitational. 

But the “shine” of visible material covers that interaction with it. Things like dark dwarfs are very dense objects that can collect the dark matter and its radiation into them. And there is a possibility that there is a dark dwarf near the center of the Milky Way that gets its energy from dark matter. The dark dwarf is the massive object that formed when a brown dwarf used up its fuel. This dark dwarf location near Sgr A* is also special. The dark dwarf pulls dark matter around it the another dark matter flow that Sgr A* pulls to it impacts that dark matter whirl. That causes impacts or even annihilation that turns dark matter very hot. 

And the ultimate high energy that Sgr A* sends can also interact with those WIMP particles. The model goes like this: the dark matter particles, hypothetical WIMPs, are so small that they send so short-wave radiation that we have no ability to observe that radiation. That means the dark energy can be a wave movement outside the gamma-rays. And if that is true it can open new visions for cosmology and space research. 

https://nasaspacenews.com/2025/07/dark-dwarfs-the-cosmic-clue-that-could-reveal-dark-matters-secrets/

https://phys.org/news/2025-07-dark-dwarfs-center-milky.html

https://scitechdaily.com/impossible-cold-clouds-discovered-in-milky-ways-heart-challenge-astronomical-theories/

Mysterious dark galaxy emits no visible light.

Most galaxies, like NGCC4414, shine across the spectrum. Dark galaxies remain in shadow. (AURA/STScI/NASA/Public Domain) (ScienceAlert.com/Mysterious Dark Galaxy Emits No Visible Light, Scientists Say)

A dark galaxy is a structure in the universe that doesn't shine visible light at all. That means dark galaxies remain invisible to the human eye. A dark galaxy is one of the pieces of evidence. That dark matter could create similar structures with visible material. So we can call those galaxies stealth galaxies. If the dark matter has particle form. Researchers can find proof for that thing in dark galaxies. 

Dark matter is one of the biggest things in the universe. There is the possibility that dark matter acts like a stealth structure. The radiation travels over the dark matter and that denies the reflection. So dark matter is dark because it doesn't make reflection. If radiation slides over a particle it's unseen. 

The direction of energy flow determines if the particle is warm or cold. 

Warm object transmits energy. 

The cold object receives energy. 

None of the known particles can remain cold forever. Sooner or later, radiation that travels in the object turns its energy level higher than its environment. That means the particle object turns to transmit radiation and it makes the object visible. The reason why the energy level rises in the cosmos higher than its environment is that. The kinetic energy is also rising the energy level of the object. And when the object starts to transmit energy it turns visible. 

Material can be warm or cold. When the material is cold, energy or wave movement travels in it. And then when the material is warm. Energy travels out from it. That wave movement that comes out from the material makes it visible. The mystery of dark matter is how the material can remain cold forever. 

Is dark matter the entirety of two particles? If there are two quantum fields around the object. The particle could same time be warm or cold. If the outer quantum field is cold it pulls energy between those quantum fields. And then, if the inner quantum field is warm. It can push the energy away from the particle pair. And that energy could be gravitational radiation. 

The biggest question is: why we cannot see dark matter? There is the gravitational effect that has an origin. And sometimes the source of that gravitational effect is explained as virtual particles like gravitational whirls and the gravitational maser effect. Gravitational interaction without any visible source is always interesting. 

If dark matter particles or WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) existed. The thing that makes the gravitational effect of dark matter can be the virtual particle or quantum whirl that is forming in that particle's poles. The WIMP will transfer radiation to its axle. And the virtual particle that forms near the WIMP would make the strange gravitational effect whose origin remains unknown until this thing is proven. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/mysterious-dark-galaxy-emits-no-visible-light-scientists-say

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

HYPER (Highly INteractive Particle Relics) is the new form of dark matter.

In some theories, dark matter and visible matter could interact in the young universe. The intensive heat and pressure pushed the particles together. So dark matter was part of the material. 

And then the universe started to expand. The universe's energy level decrease. And then dark matter and material interaction stopped. When we look at the three dominating things in the modern universe, the main dominator is dark energy. 

1) Dark energy

2) Dark matter 

3) Visible material. 

So in the young universe, dark matter and visible material were one entirety. Then that entirety broke. The thing was like nuclear fission. But on a different scale. Dark energy is wave movement that rips the universe into pieces. The origin of that energy is a mystery. The origin of that energy is in particles that we cannot see. 

The mystery of dark energy is that there is an interaction between that wave movement and visible material. Without that interaction, dark energy cannot rip the universe into pieces. But if dark energy is the remnant of some particles. 

That turned to wave movement a long time ago. There should not be any interaction between dark energy and visible material. 

That interaction means there is some common part between visible material and those particles. That remained a long time ago. 

But the weakness of this theory is that dark energy should travel at the front of the universe. So it should not exist in our universe. 

The thing, that makes dark energy interesting is that seems to be a weak and universal interaction similar way as gravitation. So in some ideas, the dark energy is the antigravitation.

Gravitation and dark energy are similar forces. They are both weak forces. So, could dark energy be the missing antigravitation? That's an interesting question. 

When the connection between dark matter and visible material breaks, that process released free energy. This means the dark energy or free energy that rips the universe in pieces is the remnant of that process.  But that thing is a simplified model. 

The problem with dark matter research is that nobody ever finds WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) that suppose to be dark matter particles. The problem is that nobody has ever seen that particle. 

In some theories, dark matter is a group of so high-energy particles. That it just cannot interact. One of the most interesting models explains the origin of dark matter like this: some eruption or "another Big Bang" released dark matter to time at a different moment than visible material. 

The dark matter comes after or goes forward to visible material in space and time. Because the particles have a different size than visible material, dark matter cannot interact. All theories about the form of dark matter are right before researchers can confirm the first interactions between dark- and visible material.  

There is one place in the universe where dark and visible materials are together. That place is the singularity in the center of black holes. Their massive gravitational pressure pushes dark matter and visible matter together. But the problem is that singularities are not very easily observable things. The gravitational waves can send information about things that happen inside black holes' event horizons. 

https://scitechdaily.com/hyper-highly-interactive-particle-relics-a-new-model-for-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Could dark matter be dark photons?

"2D projection of the cosmic web as obtained from a supercomputer simulation. Credit: Dr. Ewald Puchwein and the Sherwood-Relics collaboration" (ScitechDaily.com/New Study Suggests Dark Matter May Be Made of Dark Photons)

Dark or black photons are the hypothetical antiparticles of the photon. Photon is the transmitter particle of electromagnetism. We know that electromagnetism has a pushing and pulling effect. If electromagnetism is like the weak interaction where Z- and W-bosons are transmitting repel and pulling versions of weak nuclear force. 

The electromagnetism should also have different carrier particles for pushing and pulling forces. So those transporting particles should be "white photons" or known photons. And the dark photons are the hypothetical anti-photons. 

Nobody has seen them yet. And in some theories the dark photons are gravitons. The problem with that theory is this: nobody measured the mass of a photon yet. If we say that photons that we already know are "white photons", we must ask why photons don't photons have mass. 

Image 2 is the evolving universe. In the young universe were lots of photons. And then those photons disappeared or connected to the electrons. The idea of those photons is that they might have mass. Or in some models, the universe was hotter than those photons. That means the wave movement traveled to those photons. But were those photons similar to photons today? 

But they can increase the energy level of the target objects. There is the possibility that when photons are traveling between objects. They are turning to strings or wave motion. And when they are impacting to some other object like an electron. The impact area is so small, that researchers cannot measure the photon's mass. 

Photon is different than other particles. Sir Isaac Newton predicted that a photon has two forms. Wave movement and particle. There is the possibility that the photon is not a ball or whisk-looking particle. In that case, the photon looks like waves or crinkles. When a photon hits another particle it starts to crinkle rather than turn into a ball. 

Image 3

In some other models, the photon is so a high-energy particle that its shine will push quantum fields away from it. That thing forms the situation that photon flows between other particles. In another version of this model, the photon is like tape or string. That particle pushes other quantum fields away from it. Or the quantum-level interaction makes a situation the photon doesn't touch with other particles. 

But when we are saying that "white photons" or photons that we know are "warm" particles that hover above material, we can say that thing explains why photon doesn't have mass. So in this case we can think that the mythical "dark photon" has a very low energy level. That means "dark photon" has mass and energy travels into that mythical particle. 

The idea of a dark photon is that its size is so small that wave movement makes the ring around it. Or it travels past that very low-energy particle. That thing makes it possible that the dark photon can accelerate wave movement. And that tells it's the source of the mysterious dark energy. The dark photon is a myth. But it should exist. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-expansion-not-accelerating/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-study-suggests-dark-matter-may-be-made-of-dark-photons/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Atom clocks can measure dark matter.

"A groundbreaking new study published in Nature Astronomy suggests that studying an atomic clock on a spacecraft orbiting close to the Sun, inside the orbit of Mercury, could be the key to unlocking the mysteries of dark matter. The research offers a potentially game-changing approach to understanding this elusive and enigmatic substance that is thought to make up much of the universe." (ScitechDaily.com/Atomic Clocks in Space: The New Trick for Uncovering the Secrets of Dark Matter)

Dark matter is the gravitational effect that is unknown. There is the possibility to create a telescope that can use measuring dark matter. The idea is that the telescope is a combination of the laser-rays, that measure gravitational waves, and atom clocks which measure gravitational waves. The idea is that if there is some kind of stable gravitational anomaly. The atom clocks can detect is by measuring time dilation. 

And the laser rays can separate gravitational waves from the stable gravitational effect whose source is unknown. The difference between dark matter and gravitational waves is that. 

Dark matter forms (or it should cause) a stable gravitational effect, that remains in one place. Or, it travels too slowly, being a gravitational wave. And gravitational waves are transitory phenomena. So if the atom clock will transfer near dark matter glimpse. That thing could cause time dilation. 

There are two main possibilities for what dark matter could be: 

*It could be yet unknown particles

*Or it can be standing gravitational waves. In that model gravitational maser-effect is the thing that forms the dark matter. 

The thing is that. Dark matter can travel across the universe. If it is a form of similar particles, with visible material. In cases when the speed of the gravitational effect is slower than gravitational waves, there is suspicion that some, yet unknown, particles are causing that effect. The speed of gravitational waves is the speed of light. 

And if the gravitational effect travels at a lower speed. That means there is something that looks like a planetary cloud. But if that thing is invisible, it means. That there could be the first evidence about the form of dark matter. 

The measuring gravitational effects of dark matter requires zeptosecond accurate atom clocks. The system detects the changes in the gravitational field. Those atom clocks will put in certain distances from the Sun, and they measure the gravitational effect's time dilation. 

The system can use the difference between those atom clocks to measure the gravitational effect's speed. And laser rays are confirming. That there are no gravitational waves that are causing changes in gravitational fields. 

There are multiple very accurate radio objects in the universe. And the changes in their flashes also depend on the energy that travels near them. The problem with time dilation is that the reason for it can be gravitational waves. It can also be a high-energy impulse that impacts the target. So those time dilations must be proven caused by the gravitational effect that is not gravitational waves. 

Things like kilonovas and exploding or colliding black holes are also making a situation where shockwaves can affect dark matter. We know that there is one common force. That causes interaction between visible and dark matter. That thing is gravitation. That means dark matter could form black holes. But the problem is: how to confirm that dark matter formed a black hole. 

https://scitechdaily.com/atomic-clocks-in-space-the-new-trick-for-uncovering-the-secrets-of-dark-matter/

https://scitechdaily.com/zeptosecond-resolution-measuring-times-in-trillionths-of-a-billionth-of-a-second/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maser

Cosmic inflation: the universe loses its mass.

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Could the dark energy's source hide in the dark matter that releases its extra energy to the universe?

Could the dark energy's source hide in the dark matter that releases its extra energy to the universe? This thing increases the level of free energy in the system. That thing would explain why we cannot see the source of that mysterious wave motion. 

In some theories, black holes force particles like neutrinos, electrons, and photons to travel parabolic trajectories around them. During that process, the black holes pump gravitational energy to those particles. And if some of those particles are particles that we cannot see, like hypothetical gravitons. That explains dark energy. 

So if the hypothetical dark matter particles are traveling around black holes those black holes are pumping gravitational energy to those particles. When those particles are traveling away from that black hole. Those particles would release that extra energy in wave motion's form. So if there are dark matter particles that are getting energy from the black hole. 

That means the wave motion that they send would be invisible to us. When a black hole will put the dark matter travel in a parabolic trajectory that dark matter sends the wave motion like all other material.

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We always call the bubble of known material and energy the universe. The story of known material or energy began with an event, called the "Big Bang". That Big Bang pushes material away from it. And after that, the expansion of the universe continues. The energy flows away from it all the time. When energy travels out from the universe, it loses its mass. 

The universe is in the middle of a great vacuum. And that means the speed of the expanding universe is higher in its "edge" than inside it. The laws of quantum mechanics are also dominating the universe. And because there is a vacuum. 

There is nothing that we know about energy traveling to that vacuum. The reason for that is that the vacuum outside the universe has a lower energy level than plasma in our universe. So the space outside the universe must be lower than the minimum energy level in our universe. 

That thing means energy travels to that vacuum. The energy flow continues until the universe and space outside it reach a minimum energy level. That means energy to travel out from the universe ends when there is no energy inside the universe. 

The reason why. we cannot see space outside the universe is simple: all radiation travels to that vacuum or away from us. That means because the radiation travels out from the universe we cannot see it. After all, we see the radiation behind it. There should be something that makes the radiation reflect so that we can make observations of the areas outside our universe. 

That empty vacuum and the strange wave motion called dark energy are the things that make the universe expand. Cosmic inflation means that the size of space increases. And the mass of material to particle-form energy decreases. That thing causes suspicions that dark energy has some kind of connection with cosmic inflation. 

We should not think of material or particles and their quantum fields separately. The subatomic particle is only an extremely thick quantum field. So material, particles, and wave motion are only different forms of energy. 

There are many theories about the origin of dark energy. Dark energy could be mysterious antigravitation as I wrote earlier in this blog. 

There is the possibility that dark energy is the energy that comes outside of our universe. In some theories, dark energy is energy that comes from other universes. If we could someday see the other universe that explains the dark energy. 

Dark energy means free energy that rips the universe into pieces. There is the possibility that when cosmic inflation decreases the power of the quantum fields in our universe increases the speed of vaporization of the material. When particles are turning to wave motion. 

That means the material is turning to energy. So when the speed of that metamorphosis increases. That increases the level of free energy in the system called the universe. Dark energy is free energy but its source is unknown. In some other theories, dark energy is wave motion that travels in wormholes. In that case, the wave motion that moves in those cosmic energy channels is the thing that pushes the edge of our universe outside. 

The edge of the universe means the most distant photons that were left from the Big Bang. There is nothing that can limit the speed of those photons except the gravitation of the universe. So the separation speed of those photons is 2 times higher than the speed of light. And outside the universe light should travel faster than in the universe. 

In some theories, black holes pump very much kinetic energy to photons or some other particles. And those particles are the source of the dark energy. 

By researching galaxies researchers think that universe's edge is not very clear. There should be some kind of halo at the edge of the universe. Just like galaxies have at the edge of the universe. That means the material or quantum fields at the edge of the universe would turn thinner and thinner all the time. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter