A giant black hole sent a neutrino beam without a flash of visible light.

"This artist’s impression shows a ‘cosmic joust’ – a galactic merger in which the galaxy on the right hosts a quasar at its core. This quasar is powered by a supermassive black hole swallowing up material around it and emitting a powerful cone of radiation, piercing the other galaxy like a lance. As this radiation interacts with the galaxy on the left, it disrupts the clouds of gas and dust within, leaving behind only the smallest and densest regions. These regions are likely rendered incapable of star formation after the process. Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser" (ScitechDaily, Quasar-Powered Galaxy Attack Revealed in Stunning Detail)

Gamma-rays and galactic-scale quantum annealing. 

There are expectations that those neutrinos formed when high-energy gamma rays hit helium atoms nuclei. That thing can tell something about how neutrinos form. There is the possibility that gamma rays push those helium nuclei quantum fields. And then they can form the "droplet" or the bag from that quantum field. That "bag" is the neutrino that travels through the universe. 

If a neutrino's form is very flexible that means there is the possibility that the neutrino puts the fields around them to travel past them with minimum contact or minimum energy transfer. But that is only a hypothesis. The thing that makes neutrinos almost massless is the minimum energy transfer between them and their environment. 

The energy that comes from distant supernovae and quasars can create gamma rays. When we think about things. Like a cosmic gamma-ray background, there is a possibility that things like black holes in the Milky Way disturb that image. The energy that forms in the Milky Way causes annealing in our galaxy dust and gas. 

"Schematic diagram of how neutrinos are produced by the decay of neutrons produced by photolysis of nuclei. Credit: Yasuda et al." (ScitechDaily, The Squid Galaxy’s Black Hole Just Unleashed a Neutrino Storm Without the Light)

"Hubble image of the spiral galaxy NGC 1068. Credit: NASA / ESA / A. van der Hoeven" (ScitechDaily, The Squid Galaxy’s Black Hole Just Unleashed a Neutrino Storm Without the Light)

Sometimes, some galaxies have very active quasars as their companion. Those quasars send high-energy radiation into the galaxy. The power of that energy is so strong that it puts the spiral galaxies's material to anneal. That energy boosts star formation. But it can also make it possible to test things like time dilation in the large-scale environment. The time dilation means that energy flow from particles turns slower. 

And the energy from the quasar raises the energy level in that galaxy. When the environment's energy level rises, energy flow from particles decreases. If the environment reaches the same energy level with particles those particles will vanish. The existence of particles requires that there is a difference in energy levels between the particle and its environment. The energy level in a particle cannot go below the universe's energy minimum. 

An interesting case would be the situation where the jet from another supermassive black hole hits another black hole. Or supermassive black hole's relativistic jets impact with another black hole's relativistic jet. That energy will push every particle into the form of a black hole. That kind of thing can start the quasar formation. Quasars are the first stage in the galaxy formation.

https://scitechdaily.com/quasar-powered-galaxy-attack-revealed-in-stunning-detail/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-squid-galaxys-black-hole-just-unleashed-a-neutrino-storm-without-the-light/