FRB and the star that is older than the universe are exciting things.

A series of FRBs traveled through nearby galaxies. That is between Earth and radio source.  And those radio busts skewer those galaxies and help to create a more accurate image of the structures of distant galaxies.  

FRBs (Fast Radio Bursts) are interesting things. Especially, if they come from billions of light-years away from Earth and travel through another galaxy. When those radio waves left from some other galaxy on the other side of the universe they are "polluting". 

That means things like quantum fields are leaving their fingerprints on the radio spectrum. And that thing makes it possible to make models about things like material distribution in the universe. When those radio waves are traveling through molecular nebulas they make those nebulas send emission radiation. 

That radiation makes it possible to create a spectroscopic analysis of those nebulas. The galaxy is one version of giant nebulas, and that radio burst can make it possible for material analysis from great distances. And one of the most interesting things is that material that is analyzed is in another galaxy. The thing is that this material can tell about the forming and aging of galaxies. 

"Three new Fast Radio Bursts discovered by the Westerbork telescope were shown to have pierced the halo of our neighboring Triangulum Galaxy. Invisible electrons in that galaxy deform the FRBs. From sharp, new, live images, astronomers could estimate the maximum number of invisible atoms in the Triangulum Galaxy for the first time. Credit: ASTRON/Futselaar/van Leeuwen" (ScitechDaily.com/Cosmic Probes: Astronomers Discover Massively Powerful Fast Radio Bursts That Skewer Nearby Galaxy)

"The oldest star in the universe is HD140283 — or Methuselah, as it's commonly known. This Digitized Sky Survey image, shows Methuselah star, located 190.1 light-years away". (https://www.space.com/Methuselah: The oldest star in the universe)

"Astronomers refined the star's age to about 14.3 billion years (which is older than the universe), plus or minus 800 million years. Image released March 7, 2013". (Image credit: Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), STScI/AURA, Palomar/Caltech, and UKSTU/AAO)" (https://www.space.com/Methuselah: The oldest star in the universe)

The Methuselah is the oldest star in the universe. 

Methuselah HD 140283 is a star 190 light years away from Earth. That star seems to have an age of 16 billion years. And that means it seems older than the Universe itself.  If Methuselah would be farther and the measurement is created by using redshift, I would claim that Methuselah is in line with the black hole, and that thing creates a powerful virtual redshift.

The astronomers used the measurements where they measured the relations of the heavy elements on that star. The number of heavy elements tells that the star is 16 billion plus-minus (+-)800 million years. There is a possibility that the Methuselah didn't form before the universe. In some models the rapid energy impulses to the star cause situation Where the heavy particles are destroyed faster than they should. 

If Methuselah travels across a cosmic void that thing can increase the aging of the star, when it travels through the cosmic vacuum bubble. 

In the wildest visions, Methuselah traveled across the cosmic voids like Bötes void. In those bubbles of nothingness, the energy level is minimum. That means the energy travels out from the star faster than usual. Because the difference between the energy level of the star and its environment is higher energy travels faster out from the star. 

That thing can cause a similar situation as high temperature causes in Wolf-Rayet Stars. The mass of heavy particles to light particles rises higher. Because Methuselah is a metal-poor star there is no similar magnetic field as metal-rich stars. And in those cases, the major force that keeps the star in its form and then the cosmic void pulls particles and energy away. That thing causes a situation that cosmic void that increases aging. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cosmic-probes-astronomers-discover-massively-powerful-fast-radio-bursts-that-skewer-nearby-galaxy/

https://www.space.com/how-can-a-star-be-older-than-the-universe.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_140283

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf%E2%80%93Rayet_star

The new model of the Big Bang: the Quantum egg formed the universe.

When we think of the young universe as a hot and dense place, we can make the model to that point. The problem with that model is that universe already exists at that point. If we try to model the Big Bang itself. We must realize that nobody knows what was before Big Bang. 

Weaknesses in all theories about the Big Bang is that they are modeling a universe that already exists. If the universe exists 1/1000 second that means the universe already exists. 

So if we think of the origin of the universe we must realize that the material travels in space and time. And if we think about the time cone there is the possibility that material and antimaterial touched each other in the same point. But what is the origin of those hypothetical materia-antimateria particles? Was it the Schwinger effect that formed material when two wave movement lines impacted? That means two white holes could send their beam to the same point. 

If a quantum egg formed universe, where that egg came from? 

Above: we see a model of the Higgs boson. Those bosons are in their gravitational pools. And that image could also portray the multiverse. The multiverse is not a theory. It's a philosophical model that there should be another universe and Big Bangs. And if those other universes are true there is the possibility that all universes in the hypothetical multiverse have the same proto-particles that are between the photon and Higgs boson. 

Those mystery particles are as close to the first particles in the universe as possible. The question is does the vaporization of the earliest particles the reason for the Big Bang? And could those particles whose energy level is higher than Higgs boson be the result of impacts of photons? The thing is t if two photons are identical and their energy level is the same they could form the Schwinger effect. So could those mythical first particles form straight from photons? 

In wild theory two light cones that are from two energy clouds impacted together. And that thing formed the Big Bang. 

But the time cone can also give another model. That model is that when material or wave movement travels in space the focus of that cone is the moment where it is at the same point as the observer. The accuracy information accuracy is at the highest level when it faces the hypersurface of the present. So the hypersurface of the present is the point where the material is the sharpest. 

When the light cone turns to the past. The size of the material or information turns larger. The uncertainty in information expands. So in that very wild theory, two material or wave movement (energy)clouds travel in space and time. And then, at one moment the cones that travel behind those clouds in space and time touched each other. 

The next theory is two weaknesses. The requirement for that theory is that there was some kind of quantum field. That existed before the Big Bang. In some models, the Big Bang was some kind of wormhole that took energy from somewhere to the Higgs field. But the question is where that wave movement formed that impacted with mysterious Higgs field. 

All models that we create about the Big Bang have weaknesses. They require. There was some kind of energy field or material before the Big Bang. 

The Big Bang is a problematic theory. It was some kind of burst or thing where material reached a certain energy level. But the question is what is the origin of that material? Maybe it was some kind of quantum egg that started to spin. Then that quantum egg divide. And then that thing formed crossing energy fields that formed the Schwinger effect. 

But in some theories, the gravitation turned the opposite. In that model. Something changed the gravitational effect opposite inside the quantum egg. And then the quantum egg started to expand. 

Gravitation can turn the opposite. Gravitation is wave movement as light and other electromagnetic radiation are. So if there is a formed gravitational wave source. That sends gravitational counterwaves that thing turns gravitation opposite. 

The system must just send gravitational waves in the opposite direction than the gravitational center sends. So if the gravitational field is the same as the Higgs field the energy hill in that field can cause a situation where the higher energy field with the same frequency turns the major field effect opposite. 

The problem with quantum eggs is that the origin of that structure remains unknown. In the same way as in quantum eggs, that requires the Higgs field's existence before the Big Bang. 

If there are many universes, the idea of the Big Bang could be easy to explain. There was some kind of quantum egg, or quantum spot where the energy of the Higgs field turned higher. Because the frequency of that higher energy point or energy hill was higher than the other Higgs field that thing caused an explosion. That explosion acted like a giant vacuum bomb. 

It pushed the Higgs field away forming the cosmic vacuum. Then that Higgs field dropped back inside that cosmic vacuum. And after that the wave that impacted in the middle of that bubble of nothingness or emptiness. That formed thing called the Big Bang. Then the wave movement starts to travel outside that collapsing bubble and forms whirls where the Schwinger effect formed the first particles. But that requires the existence of the energy field before the Big Bang. 

https://bigthink.com/13-8/quantum-egg-birth-universe/

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/primer-long-sought-higgs-boson

The ideal harbor for life is a metal-rich planet, that orbits metal-poor stars.

 Metals play a vital role in the forming of life forms.

"Artist's impression of an Earth-like exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star. (ESA/Hubble, M. Kornmesser)" (ScienceAlert.com/Scientists Think They've Narrowed Down The Star Systems Most Likely to Host Life)

Metals have a big role in life forms forming. The reason for that is iron and other metals are vital for magnetic fields around exoplanets. If the planet has no magnetic field it cannot host life. And that's why the life-search SETI program must keep focusing on planetary systems. There are lots of metals. If there are no metals in some planetary systems there are not enough strong magnetic fields around the planets in the habitable zone. 

The strong solar wind will blow the atmosphere off from the planets. That have no magnetic fields. Of course, a planet can have a strong gravitational field but the problem is that gravitation pulls plasma showers to the planet's shell. And if the magnetic field will not whip that plasma away it will burn the planet immediately. That plasma also pulls the atmosphere of the planet away from it. 

"A diagram illustrating the effect higher UV radiation has on the oxygen-rich atmosphere of an exoplanet. (MPS/hormesdesign.de) (ScienceAlert.com/Scientists Think They've Narrowed Down The Star Systems Most Likely to Host Life)

An ideal planetary system for hosting lifeforms is the metal-poor star that metal-rich planets orbit. 

But researchers think that metal-poor stars can be more suitable for hosting life than metal-rich stars on their planets. So the best combination would be a metal-rich planet that orbits metal-poor stars. The strong magnetic field protects the atmosphere. And metal-poor star sends radiation that does not break oxygen atoms as effectively as radiation that comes from metal-rich stars. 

The reason for that is the UV radiation that metal-rich star sends more UVA and UVB radiation than UVC radiation. That means the UV radiation that leaves from the metal-rich star travels deeper in cells and the atmosphere than the UV radiation that the metal-poor radiation sends. So the ideal planet for lifeforms is the planet that orbits a metal-poor star, has a metal-rich structure, and has a thick atmosphere where are clouds. 

Today we know thousands of exoplanet systems. And we know that all of them cannot be harbors of life. The size of the exoplanet with the distance of the exoplanet from its star determines if liquid water is possible on the planet. The planet can be locked, and the temperature on its shell can be very high. But there is ice on the planet because strong gravitation turns water into ice. Same way strong gravitation can keep water liquid at very high temperatures. And then the weak gravitation can keep water liquid in freezing worlds. 

The locked planets can host lifeforms on their terminators. But the problem is that those planets can sometimes spin. And that can be a catastrophe. But the most important thing is the magnetosphere. Without a magnetosphere, solar wind hits the shell of the planet. That solar wind blows the atmosphere away and breaks water molecules. The magnetic field pushes plasma that comes from the star away. And that thing requires metals. Without metals, the planet's core cannot form a generator that makes the magnetic field possible. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-think-theyve-narrowed-down-the-star-systems-most-likely-to-host-life

There are secret mountains under our feet.

Gravitational and seismic measurements uncover the secret mountains under our feet. Those mountains are the thicker areas in the magma. And those mountains are the thing that can use as the tool for next-generation navigation systems. The gravitational measurements can uncover the internal structures of planets, that are deep underground. 

The measurements that prove that the internal structures of Earth are not homogenous are opening roads to benefit those structures in navigation. There are conditions in which GPS satellites or even the compass are unable to operate. That requires that the place of those structures is fixed or their location is precisely known. 

"Seismic waves from earthquakes in the southern hemisphere sample the ULVZ (Ultra-Low Velocity Zone) structure along the Earth’s CMB and are recorded by sensors in Antarctica. Credit: Edward Garnero and Mingming Li, Arizona State University." (ScitechDaily.com/Seismic Sleuths Reveal Earth’s Secret Mountains: A Hidden World Beneath Our Feet)

Those places are the deep underground tunnels and extremely powerful electromagnetic fields. The internal structures on Earth are allowing the creation of the gravitational TERCOM system that can navigate in the cases that the TERCOM (Terrain Contour Matching) cannot operate. 

Jamming the TERCOM system can happen by making a plasma field between the user of TERCO and the ground. There is also a possibility that artificial floods or changes in the routes of rivers can use to jam that system. The selected method can base on the tools that the TERCOM system uses. 

If TERCOM uses the optical systems flooding of rivers can protect the target. There is also the possibility that the satellite follows the flight of the user of the TERCOM by benefiting the laser that is the back of the aircraft or missile. This is the semi-active version of the TERCOM system. The system uses an optical seeker that is in the recon satellite, and then the satellite aims the TERCOM to the right course. The satellite sees the missile or aircraft against the map. 

Can superionic water explain the Bermuda Triangle's mystery?

The fact is that most of those so-called Bermuda Triangle disappearances happened outside that area. Another thing is that the buoys can cause an effect where lighting is starting to travel at those points. If there is some aircraft or ship between that buoy and the cloud. Lightning will impact those planes. 

The reason for that lightning impact is those buoys are the closest point to the thundercloud. And that thing could explain why the KC-130 Stratotankers and some other aircraft vanished. So the Bermuda Triangle is the urban legend, and some of those disappearances could explain that some of those ships like the U.S.S Cyclops were spy ships that just changed their name in the sea. And the famous "Flight 19" could be a so-called zombie flight where the navy tested new remote-controlled kamikaze aircraft or kamikaze drones.  

Sometimes thunderstorms are introduced behind Bermuda Triangle. In some models, concerning that phenomenon, the aircraft or ship can get between cloud and highly ionized water. If lightning through that object when it travels between sea and cloud that electric vortex simply destroys the aircraft or ship. The electric load will turn the object to vapor. If lightning rises from the sea it has even more impact energy, because it also carries ions with it. 

There is a possibility that the lightning that travels inside a tornado can form conditions where the tornado will get into a low-pressure area where its speed increases. When the air contacts with that tornado again it causes very strong friction and then the air will turn very hot. Then that tornado turns into a fire tornado which is the most dangerous effect in the atmosphere. 

"Image from simulation of ice XVIII. Oxygen ions (red) occupy a regular crystal lattice, while protons (white) diffuse like a liquid. Credit: Maurice de Koning & Filipe Matusalém" (ScitechDaily.com/Unlocking the Mysteries of Superionic Ice: Deciphering the Magnetic Anomalies of Neptune and Uranus). 

There is a possibility that water can turn to a similar mode also when it's liquid. That new form will not stay for a long time. But that thing can explain why airplanes and ships are lost in the Bermuda Triangle. If the water turns superionic. That means it cannot carry things anymore and supercritical water turns into an antenna that conducts lightning to the clouds. 

The shape of the superionic ice is seen in the first image in this text. The superionic ice is the structure where water molecules are forming chains. And the distance between those molecules increases. There is a possibility that the superionic form of liquid water could exist on Earth. If water turns superionic it will lose its ability to carry things. When the distance of water molecules turns high enough that thing causes a situation where air falls in those holes. 

So, there is a theory that superionic water can be the thing behind the Bermuda Triangle's mystery. If superionic water forms under aircraft or ship it causes upward-moving lightning. Because water molecules are acting like antennas. That electric load could explain the loose of radio contact and rotating compass. The superionic water can form at the point where is a standing radio wave and the water molecules ionization is stronger than usual.

If the volcano erupts in the depth of oceans that thing causes extreme heat in the water. That thing forms the underwater tornado, where the magnesite mineral and sodium ions are rotating in the underwater whirl. That thing loads electricity to the particles in the ocean. And then that thing can cause upwards moving lightning that formation begins in the deep sea. When volcanic particles are forming lightning under the sea, that thing causes vaporization. The speed of that whirl can rise very high. The electric load of water molecules can turn very high. And that thing can form superionic water. 

 https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-the-mysteries-of-superionic-ice-deciphering-the-magnetic-anomalies-of-neptune-and-uranus/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle

The end of the old period is the beginning of the new period.

The Big Bang was the end of a period of nothingness. And it was the beginning of the period of material. 

The shape of the universe is not infinite. The universe itself is not infinite. But when we think about theories of the Big Bang and other theories about the universe's beginning. Their weakness is that the material and information that formed the universe should exist before that event. So there must be some kind of quantum field before the Big Bang. 

The image portrays the rare and mysterious phenomenon called ELVE (Image 1). That red light ring forms when something with high energy level impacts to atmosphere. Some people believe that ELVE forms when antimatter particle hits the atmosphere. The ELVE is connected with thunderstorms and there is a possibility that the high energy positron could pull electrons from the clouds and cause impact and annihilation. 

That impact causes the shockwave around that red light. In some other models the nitrogen atom could make fusion with some other single nitrogen atom or ion. That means the origin of ELVE could be the micro fusion. In that case lightnings are pushing those atoms or ions together. And the result is fusion. This shockwave is similar to that forms in a nuclear explosion (Image 2). The image is from Wikipedia (Nuclear test Castle Romeo) and the ring-shaped plasma is hard to separate from clouds.  

"ELVE stands for Emissions of Light and Very Low-Frequency Perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources. It’s a rare form of Sprite, itself a large-scale electrical discharge that occurs high above a thunderstorm cloud that scientists are still studying". (https://petapixel.com/2023/04/03/photographer-captures-ultra-rare-red-ring-of-light-over-italy/)

The end of the old period is the beginning of the new period.

The Big Bang could be a similar phenomenon, but that requires some kind of material or quantum field. That already exists that some particles can interact with it. There is a possibility that the Big Bang could be the shockwave that came from material that came from the higher energy level. 

When that material started to release its energy it formed a situation where the superstrings that formed that energy pillar turned outside because there was a vacuum that didn't limit its expansion. When those superstrings impacted. They form circle-looking power fields in that energy pillar. Those power fields caused a Schwinger effect that formed particle-antiparticle pairs and the material that formed the entirety. 

The end of the universe means the beginning of a new period. When some star blasts as a supernova it destroys its shape. The new shape of that star is a neutron star or black hole. Sometimes we say that the supernova is the beginning of the new life. 

People usually say that things like neutron stars and black holes are dead. They don't normally think that those things have the highest energy levels in the universe. The neutron stars and black holes are the home of the most high-energy reactions in the universe. So when a star explodes it forms a new and more fascinating object than it ever could be and that means the end of the period is the beginning of the new period. 

When we look at the information, that we collected from the universe. We can say, that there is no end in that strange place. The information never vanishes. And when the universe faces its ultimate fate. The information continues its existence. We should know the universe better because all information that we can confirm involves the universe. 

But the other thing is we cannot ever reach all information from the universe. When we look at theories about the Big Bang and the universe, we must realize one thing. There is no absolute end in that place. There is no beginning of information because information cannot form from nothingness. Information just can change its form. And that thing means that things like black holes do not create information. They just transform information into another form. 

Same way Schwinger effect doesn't form information. It just turns the information from the wave movement to the particle form. The common thing in that way to think is that there must be something before the thing like crossing wave movement or a strong gravitational field turns the form of information.

In the universe, information is always absolute. That means things are happening or they are not happening. So if there is something unexpected, the results of the reaction do not match with theories. And that means the researchers must re-estimate their models. The new model is the thing that starts the new period in science. 

https://petapixel.com/2023/04/03/photographer-captures-ultra-rare-red-ring-of-light-over-italy/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Romeo

Can some pill make us happy?

Is perfect happiness the scenario, that we are laying in some bath and drinking champagne? Maybe that thing is short time happiness, but what if that thing continues rest of our life? Does that thing make us happy, that we just lay in the bath and make nothing? That is a very interesting thinking model. If we just be in some bath what happens to our social life? 

Is there anybody who wants to discuss this with us? And what would we tell about our life if everything that we see is that bath and drink? Are we happy when we must not do a thing? And can we replace our social relationships with some pill? How happy are we when that thing happened? 

Even if researchers could make the happiness pill that thing will not make us happy. Happiness is more than some chemical stimulation in the brain. Chemical stimulation is just one part of happiness. And happiness is something else than just pleasure. Things like happiness and pleasure have their origin in the nervous system, but they are many more things than just some kind of chemical. 

Happiness is the thing that is the result of well-done work. And also that thing is the result of the mixture of social acceptance, respect, and being important. Of course, some chemicals can cause feelings that can look like happiness. But real happiness is the interaction between society and individuals. Happiness doesn't mean that person laughs all the time. Happiness is much deeper than just laughter or pleasure. If we use chemicals for making us happy, we are facing a problem. What if we sometimes forget to take our happiness pill? 

Things like cannabis production are affecting neurons' support cells that will stimulate cells that are making people laugh. But is that laugh real happiness? Maybe it seems like real happiness, but then we must realize that when that chemical ends the level of those chemicals will run very low. And that thing causes depression. 

https://bigthink.com/thinking/life-worth-living/

In the begin was thought.

Sir Isaac Newton created his gravitational model in the late 17th century world was different. There were not so many theories at least published. And that means that Newton could work in the world, but there were no theories of mechanics and gravitational interactions. So for him, it was easy to bring new things to science. 

But today, the world is full of hypotheses and theories. It's harder to bring new things into science than in the time when there were not so many theories. When Newton created his gravitational model physics separated from astronomy. And when Albert Einstein created his famous theories of relativity, which separated classical physics from quantum physics and later quantum mechanics. 

Can we someday face another Newton or Einstein? Today there are many brilliant masterminds in the world of science like Sabine Hossenfelder and Michio Kaku, but there are lot of information that those people might sink into the information flow. In the time of Albert Einstein and especially Isaac Newton, there were not so many natural science books as today. And everything those people made was unique. 

In the living time of Isaac Newton things like derivative and integral were not yet invented, but Newton invented those equational solutions. And Newton created a differential equation, along with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, while he researched ballistic trajectories. Newton also researched the spectrum and many other things. So we can say that Newton separated alchemy from research and science. 

Artist's impression: Sir Isaac Newton with his works and studies. 

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Road to scientific theory: from BigThink.com/The 3 key steps to overthrowing a scientific theory

Step 1: Your new theory must reproduce all the successes of the leading theory.

Step 2: Your new theory must succeed where the prior theory does not.

Step 3: Your new theory must make new, testable predictions that differ from those of the original theory.

(BigThink.com/The 3 key steps to overthrowing a scientific theory)

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When we think about the new models in science, we must realize that the beginning of theory is a thought. In the beginning the theorists must make the question of what that new thing can bring to models that already exist. The route from thought to the scientific hypothesis and theory is long and rocky. And here we must realize that route from theory to the law of nature is even longer. 

Scientific proof requires multiple tests and observations that can prove that theory is valuable to turn to scientific fact. And then the fact can turn to the law. Today science requires lots of things like powerful computers that can calculate things with very high accuracy. The steps in modern science are smaller than ever before. The needed accuracy for new models is also increasing. And another thing is that there are lots more theories in the world than in the time of Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. 

So there is needed more work, that the researchers and scientists can find some kind of area there is a so-called virgin landscape. Because there are so many theories and theoretical models it's hard to bring new things to the science. The new theory requires that there is not already some theory that covers the "new theory". And even if we would make a new theory, that new theory will not necessarily reach public knowledge. 

There are lots of remarkable theories in the world, like GUT (Grand Unified Theory) that are not very well known outside the cosmological community. The reason for that is that. Those theories might have little to do with practical life. The theoretical research separated from the practice tests. And that means things like multiverse theory, that there is more than just one universe, are more philosophical than scientific theories. Things like the existence of another intelligent species are also theoretical thoughts. 

We know that if we are alone in the universe, we are a little bit too lucky. The multiverse theory is a continuum that there must be structures that are bigger than our universe. And the multiverse theory means that our universe is one of the many universes. But then we must prove that thing, and that is the hard thing in real life. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/3-steps-scientific-theory/

https://www.insightobservatory.com/2018/03/how-newtons-telescope-changed-world.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_equation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton

There is magnetic interaction between M-type star YZ-Ceti, and its exoplanet YZ-Ceti B

"An artist’s conceptual rendering of interactions between an exoplanet and its star. Plasma emitted from the star is deflected by the exoplanet’s magnetic field. That interaction perturbs the star’s magnetic field and generates auroras on the star and radio waves. Credit: Alice Kitterman/National Science Foundation". (ScitechDaily.com/Cracking the Magnetic Code: Distant Radio Signals Reveal Earth-Like Exoplanets’ Hidden Force)

The exoplanet can orbit very close to its star, especially if the star is a red dwarf. The interaction between a red dwarf and its planet can be interesting because the magnetic fields of a star and its planet can melt together. In that case, there is forming a plasma channel between the star and its planet. 

When a planet orbits its star that sends plasma with quite a low speed some parts of those particles can make the U-turn back to the star. And that thing can form auroras between the planet and its star. The exoplanet's magnetic field turns the direction of the plasma, and that thing forms the situation where it accelerates plasma but also the impacting ions cause radiation.

That plasma can also send radio waves that help to observe the planet and other participants of that solar system. The YZ Ceti is the first case when researchers have seen that kind of interaction. That interaction happens between star YZ Ceti and its planet YZ Ceti B. The magnetic bridge between that star and its exoplanet causes a situation, where the energy level of plasma is rising. And the particles impact each other. That thing can cause quite powerful radio waves. Or at least those radio waves are more powerful than they would be.  

The problem with artificial intelligence is when people ask it to do something the program is not intended for.

Anthropomorphization is not the problem with AI. The problem is the tools that the AI has. Anthropomorphization means that we think that an animal or some machine is like a human. A good example of anthropomorphization is animals that act like humans in some comic strips or other entertainment like Donald Duck movies. The problem with the anthropomorphization of the AI is that the AI is a computer program. 

If the AI doesn't have a certain skill, it might not tell that thing to operators. Every skill that the AI has requires its database. And if the user asks the AI if can it drive a car, the AI will simply look at the names of the databases. And that thing can cause problems. The data inside the databases is far more important than the name of the database. And in those cases, the results could be catastrophes. 

So that thing is the tool for philosophical and ethical discussions. When we are discussing things like AI, we must realize one thing. If we are giving some missions to the AI, we must be sure that the AI "realizes" what it must do. 

The thing is that AI cannot make everything. It requires a special module for each skill that it has. Without those modules, AI cannot make anything. Even if the AI can discuss like humans, it might not have the skills to drive a physical car or control physical robots. 

Some people are afraid that AI can use as a cheating tool in universities. The thing is that. If somebody wants to cheat, that person can ask other humans to make that document. So AI is only one tool for people who will not be honest. Most of those cheatings happen in the cheater's own time, outside the university buildings. And that means if somebody wants to cheat that person cheats anyway. So the AI just democratizes cheating. The cheater must not have the right relationships. That person must just ask the AI to make the dirty job. 

When the AI makes some code, it must have a precise description of that code's purpose. If somebody gives orders for the AI. That it must program some bodyguard robot that thing causes problems. The AI might not even know what the term "bodyguard" means. And in that case, the AI will make mistakes. 

One good example is the AI that mission is to work as a bodyguard for some person. There is a possibility that the AI understands the mission like this: it must guard the body of the person. And then it will shoot the person because AI might think that the bodyguard means a person who guards the body of a dead person. 

The misunderstandings with the AI happen in cases, where the AI's mission is not very common. Let me explain this thing. Some works are so-called regular works. Those workers are like electricians or something like that. And there are unusual works like a bodyguard. When the AI gets some mission it doesn't understand what it should do. The description and the orders for the AI are made in modules. Those modules are databases. 

Those databases must involve every possible action, that the robot or the AI must make. So if the AI will not find the module, it can try to generate that thing itself. Or it can ask the programmer to make the action module to itself. The problem is that the programmer must know precisely what the bodyguard must do. The programmer can be another AI. And if that thing will not know what the bodyguard makes, the results are horrifying. 

The problem with the AI is that it doesn't know anything. It doesn't even think like humans. AI is complicated data structures, and if there are some kind of problems in those structures, that thing can cause catastrophe. One of the cases that can cause problems is the cases, that are outside the AI's operational areas. There is a possibility that somebody loads the program of the combat robot into some autopilot car. And then that car starts to treat other cars and walkers as enemies. 

The biggest problem with AI is that its creators don't know where the customer wants to use it. So if they don't know the real purpose of their product, that thing makes it untrustworthy. The problem is that the world is full of people who are thinking about other things that they tell other people. If the AI doesn't have the right modules or they are not made right that thing makes the AI dangerous. 

The light has a brand new quantum state.

Time reversal light can bring information from the future. 

New materials control light in space and time. That thing is one of the most interesting processes in the quantum states. If there is a possibility to create time reverse in photons. That thing opens new paths to quantum states. Theoretically, things like photons can get so high energy levels that they turn into black holes. 

The problem with time dilation and time reversal is that we must be part of the system where time is dilated. If we stand outside that system we face time as usual. But we can see the existence of that system, where time dilation happens continues longer than it should. So time dilation gives a longer time to affect the quantum system. 

But the problem is how to make that thing in a practical world. Near black holes, photons get enormous energy levels. And on earth researchers can shoot photons through electromagnetic fields that can increase their energy.  

In some models, the acoustic system creates the wormhole in the water tank, and then there is the electromagnetic field in the water. When a photon travels through that channel it impacts water and an electromagnetism field that slows its ability to send radiation to the water. So photons can remain at higher energy levels longer than otherwise. 

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The thing that makes WARP-bubble allow an object can travel faster than the speed of light is that the WARP-bubble collects energy from the object's environment. Then it focuses that energy on the material that is inside that bubble. 

The WARP bubble makes it possible that particle's size will not decrease and they can harvest more energy than if they are collapsing. The WARP craft requires a powerful radiation source like antimatter that denies the material to turn to wave movement. 

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Time reversal on photons makes it possible to bring information from the future. 

Photons have no time or time stopped on those particles. That means time dilation on them is time reverse. Sometimes researchers introduced a model where photons will turn into black holes or send to the future by pressing them with high-power energy fields. And then those photons can bring information from the future themselves. Or using quantum entanglement where photons that are sent to the future are put into superposition and entangled with other photons. That thing allows the system to see to the future. 

And they are forever. But the existence of photons remains only when the Higgs field around them can push energy to them. So photon's existence as a particle is connected with its environment. If photons will not get energy from their environment. They turn to wave movement. 

The reason for that is they are particles on the hypersurface of the present or speed of light. When photons travel at the speed of light they can receive as much energy as they deliver. The energy that travels through photons transfers from the Higgs field or energy field that are connecting all particles of the universe. The photons are forever as long as the hypersurface of energy exists. The Higgs field forms that hypersurface. 

And that thing means that the strength of that field determines the speed of light. But if that hypersurface is removed the photons start to deliver energy. As all other particles. So when the universe ends its existence the Higgs field's existence ends. And that means photons cannot get new energy. 

Higher dimensions and cosmic speed limit

Higher dimensions and string theory are the most interesting things in theoretical physics. The higher dimensions like the fourth dimension are almost proven. When the particles are closing the speed of light, that thing makes them smaller. And then when they are facing the "hypersurface" of the present or light wall they should just press their internal structures outside. Or if we think that elementary particles are whisk-looking structures at the point of the speed of light that particle should press those quantum strings between each other. The hypersurface of the present is the light wall or point where particles reach the speed of light. 

At that point, the escaping velocity of the black hole reaches the speed of light. And hypersurface of the present is the back hole's event horizon. If a particle will reach this point it will not get older because the hypersurface of the present is the hypersurface of energy where energy transfers to the particle with the same speed as it travels out from the particle. When particles close to the speed of light they will get the "nose". 

That thing means particles start tunneling through that hypersurface that we can call a light wall. The thing that makes dark photons interesting is that those hypothetical particles could cause a situation that energy starts to travel in material just at the point of the speed of light. The thing that makes the speed of light the cosmic speed limit is actually that the particle turns very small when it closes to that hypersurface. 

"Conceptual diagram of the calculation of density fluctuation correlations in the early universe based on a low-dimensional matter field theory using holography. Credit: KyotoU/Yasuaki Hikida" (ScitechDaily.com/Superstring Theory and Higher Dimensions: Bridging Einstein’s Relativity and Quantum Mechanics)

When the particle's surface area, in relation to, the particle's volume increases, the particle starts to deliver energy. And when it starts to turn to its mirror it loses contact with hypersurface that cannot deliver energy to the particle anymore. And that thing causes a situation the energy flow to the particle turns opposite. Acceleration ends when the particle starts to deliver energy. 

The decrease in the size of the particle explains why closing the speed of light requires more and more energy. When the size of a particle decreases it cannot get as much energy from its environment which is the Higgs field around the universe. When the size of the particle turns small enough energy starts to flow away from it. 

The acceleration continues so long as the particle receives energy. When a particle starts to deliver energy, its acceleration ends. The reason, why crossing the speed of light is so hard is when a particle reaches the hypersurface that we call the speed of light it turns very small. And all objects act the same way. When the surface area in relation to an object's volume increases it starts to deliver energy. And in the point where the particle reaches the speed of light, it loses contact with the hypersurface and Higgs field around it. That means it will deliver energy very fast. 

But what if a particle jumps through that hypersurface? 

In the fourth dimension, the energy level of particles is so high that they cannot interact with three-dimensional particles. Energy interacts the same way as it interacts in three-dimensional space. But because the energy level of those particles is so high they will exist longer than lower dimensions. 

When the particle is starting to come to the third dimension it just needs to transfer energy out from it. But the problem is that the roof or the top energy level in the third dimension is lower than the energy minimum in the third dimension. And that means that if a particle will come out from the fourth dimension energy, that comes from the third dimension will push it back to the fourth dimension. 

So when black holes are the gates to the fourth dimension because they pump energy to the particle and kinetic energy kicks it to the higher dimension the hypothetical white hole is the hatch in the energy floor that allows the material to jump back to the third dimension. The thing that makes white holes white is the energy that those particles deliver when they are coming out from the fourth dimension. 

So what happens when the existence of the universe ends? There is no energy, that can keep the material in the fourth dimension and that case is like somebody just collapses the floor. That thing means that material in the fourth dimension starts to deliver energy very fast and maybe that is the thing that forms the new Big Bang. 

https://scitechdaily.com/superstring-theory-and-higher-dimensions-bridging-einsteins-relativity-and-quantum-mechanics/

https://scitechdaily.com/time-bending-experiment-physicists-reveal-quantum-nature-of-light-in-a-new-dimension/

CERN's new systems are taking us to the yet unknown area in physics.

FASER or Foward Search Experiment is designed to collide and observe weakly interacting particles. Those collisions happen in LHC (Large Hadron Collider). And it should open yey to a world that is unknown to us. The neutrino collisions should open the secrets of dark matter, dark energy, and yet unknown particles like hypothetical dark photons. 

So that system might make even more interesting findings than the Higgs boson. A dark photon or an antiphoton is a hypothetical particle. The reason why researchers believe that this particle exists is that all other particles have their anti-particle pair. 

The dark photon would pull energy in it. That makes it at least hard to detect.  And if that hypothetical particle exists, it would be the big step to finding gravitons and other hypothetical particles. 

The weakly interacting particles are the thing that can open the secrets of dark matter and dark energy. In some theories, dark matter is a flat particle. If that 2D material or elementary particle exists and it can be proven that thing would be a sensation. Two ways can make things like quarks flat. 

A) Energy level of the particle can be so low that the particle turns flat. 

B) The spin of a particle can be so high that it pulls the particle to the flat form. 

There is a model of three types of material. 

1) Visible materials like quarks, electrons, and other particles. 

2) "Grey material" like neutrinos and other weakly interacting material. 

3) Dark matter. The matter that only known interaction is gravitation. There is a theory that dark matter is forming of particles called WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). 

Sometimes is introduced that neutrinos are strong or grey WIMP. And dark matter is the weak or black WIMP. 

"The FASER collaboration has made its first observation of neutrinos produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during its measurement campaign, with statistical significance exceeding the threshold for a discovery in particle physics. The observation includes muon neutrinos and candidate events of electron neutrinos". (ScitechDaily.com/Exploring the Dark Matters of Physics: Large Hadron Collider Enters Uncharted Territory)

"Additionally, the collaboration presented results on searches for dark photons, which enabled the exclusion of regions motivated by dark matter. FASER aims to collect more data to allow more searches and neutrino measurements. The detection of neutrinos produced in proton collisions at the LHC can contribute to the study of high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources and test the universality of the interaction mechanism of different neutrino species". (ScitechDaily.com/Exploring the Dark Matters of Physics: Large Hadron Collider Enters Uncharted Territory)

There is a possibility that dark matter is so-called virtual material like extremely short-term skyrmions. And in some other models, the dark matter is the wave movement. 

The Schwinger theory is that dark material can form when the Schwinger effect forms the particle-antiparticle pair. Because, the energy level of those crossing waves is so low those particle-antiparticle pairs will annihilate immediately. 

That means dark energy can form in an annihilation reaction where those short-term particles or particle-antiparticle pairs impact each other and turn to energy. There is a possibility that high-power magnets can separate those particles and form stable dark matter. But that requires that those particles exist. 

The thing that makes dark photons interesting is the thing that makes those photons invisible. The energy flow travels in them or travels passing them. And that means those particles' energy level is lower or the same as their environment. 

If the electromagnetic radiation travels past those dark photons there is a possibility that this radiation closes the photon inside the radiation channel that looks like the airflow that travels over the aircraft wings. So that radiation will lock the dark photon inside it. And that denies the ability to detect that radiation. That comes out from that supermassive photon. So those dark photons could be a gate to the world of dark matter. 

https://faser.web.cern.ch/index.php/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_skyrmion

https://scitechdaily.com/exploring-the-dark-matters-of-physics-large-hadron-collider-enters-uncharted-territory/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyrmion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Temperature, the universe's expansion, and radiation

If the energy level of a particle is precisely the same as its environment, it is invisible. 

Temperature is the energy level. But it's also the size of the particle. When a particle's energy level rises its size turns smaller. In that case, the particle's shell's surface area will increase in comparison to the volume of the particle. And that thing means it sends more radiation out than low-energy particles. 

When the size of the particle increases that thing means that its surface in comparison with its volume decreases. That means the cold particle can keep energy inside it better than the small particle. But then, of course, energy travels out from high-energy particles faster than low-energy particles because the energy transfer speed depends on the difference between the particle and its environment. 

When we think that energy hits a particle from outside and then it travels in the middle of it, it forms a standing wave in the middle of the particle. When the standing wave that causes reflection is closer to the shell of the particle it pushes that shell harder. Because the particle is a whisk-looking structure. That means some part of that wave movement travels out from the particle between those superstrings. 

The image above originally portrays the neutron star. But it could portray some elementary particle. The elementary particle is like a whisk-looking structure or quantum lightning. That is forming around the stick-looking structure. Could that structure be from around the wormhole? 

Do the particles form around extremely small wormholes? 

But then we can think that the particle is like a whisk or onion, that forming around some stick-looking structure. So that thing means that the structure that forms those superstrings or quantum flashes of lightning around it is some kind of wire that travels through the universe. That structure can be a wormhole. Or the quantum tornado that makes it possible, that material can form around it. In this case, the material is the ball-shaped power field that is forming around the central axle. 

When we look at the model of the Higgs field there is a small lower energy area around that particle, which is like the hill in the sombrero-looking thing. The reason for that lower energy area is that there is an electromagnetic shadow around that particle. When electromagnetic wave movement travels over that valley it loses part of its energy. 

Or some part of that lower energy area is that the quantum lightning or superstrings are forming the shadow also inside the particle's whisk-looking shell. Those electromagnetic shadows also transfer energy or wave movement out from the particle. 

But then, if the temperature or the particle's energy is precisely the same as its environment. The particle turns invisible. There is no energy transfer between particles and their environment. If their energy level is the same. The reason. These kinds of things are hard to make in real life and can be found in cosmic expansion. 

Because the universe expands all the time, its energy level decreases. That means the quantum fields that are pressing particles to lose their power. And then the particle sends wave movement. Theoretically is possible to make the material that is invisible if we can predict the cosmic expansion and the power of impacting electromagnetic radiation. If the energy level of the material can stabilize to the same level as its environment the material turns invisible in every electromagnetic frequency. 

Higgs field and what makes it interesting?

The Higgs field is a hypothetical quantum field that connects the universe to its entirety. So when we take a closer look at the Higgs field or Higgs field theory we can say that the Higgs field theory is at least very close to the theory called GUT (Grand Unified Theory). In that theory, all fundamental forces, gravitation, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force (or interaction) are the same force. So there is only one force in the universe. We could call that force as a "Higgs force". 

If the existence of the Higgs field is real, we can say that wormhole is a tunnel through the Higgs field. The wormhole is the tornado whose walls are at a higher energy level than its environment. And that's why outcoming energy cannot close that energy channel. When a particle travels in that channel it just rides the energy wave. And the wormhole removes the resistance of the Higgs field. Because the object travels in the middle of the energy wave that's energy level is precisely the same as itself, which means energy will not travel outside the particle. 

The idea of this model is that if two astronauts are traveling in space in two spacecraft that travel with the same speed and same direction, they can shake hands. Because in that case, the difference in the energy levels of those spacecraft is zero. And the same way energy level between an object that travels in the wormhole and the energy wave that travels around it is zero. 

Particles are ball-shaped or whisk-shaped structures that are almost stable. The existence of those particles depends on their energy level. Energy travels out from particles or travels in particles depending if the particle's energy level is higher or lower than its environment. Energy always travels to an object that is at a lower energy level. And always, when a material wave moves it loses part of its mass. Finally, the particle's existence as a particle ends, and it turns to wave movement. 

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Above. The light cone is when a particle closes the speed of light. It turns smaller. The gravitational field or simply rising the energy level acts similar way. The hypersurface of the present is the event horizon or the speed of light. When a particle or information reaches that hypersurface. It freezes because it cannot turn its inside out. And behind that thing, information turns the opposite. And when information crosses the speed of light it turns its mirror image. 

Above: When a particle drops in the black hole it follows a trajectory that looks like the drinking horn. The Higgs field will pull it smaller. And then in the final point, it reaches the event horizon. The reason why it makes the curving movement is that material will not travel straight. 

When it will a little bit bypasses the gravitational center it starts to travel in a spiral trajectory before it falls through the event horizon. And that thing forms the material disk around the black hole. (Below) So the thing that destroys things is the transition disk. The transition disk can destroy molecules. But it cannot destroy information itself. 

When the speed of the particle increases it turns smaller. Same way when a particle falls into a black hole it turns smaller. That thing causes the theory that maybe some kind of electromagnetic field like Higgs field is pressing the particle smaller when its speed increases. 

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The thing, that can prove the existence of the Higgs field is that kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is a thing that transfers to particles when they are traveling fast. Kinetic energy means some kind of energy transfer to a particle or object because energy not forming from emptiness. 

So that means the particle must interact with some kind of electromagnetic field when it turns smaller. Without that field, the particle will not turn smaller. And when a particle travels in space it harvests energy to its shell. 

It is hard to cross the speed of light. Because of this, the particle's surface turns so small. That it cannot harvest any more energy. And then, the energy starts to travel out from the particle. 

When a particle faces the speed of light it should press its core around. At that point, the material turns the opposite. We can use the light cone to model how a material or particle behaves when it reaches the speed of light. At the point, where the particle reaches the speed of light it turns to a point, and crossing that point requires that it can turn its inside out. 

So around the black hole, the event horizon is the focus where material or particle turns its inside out. And that's why we can call the event horizon a "light wall". The speed of light is also the event horizon. So the event horizon is the energy level where the material or object takes so a high energy load that it loses its ability to interact with other particles. And we can say that it jumps to the fourth dimension. 

https://informationnevervanishes.blogspot.com/p/when-information-reaches-speed-of-light.html

Dark matter is a mystery.

What if researchers could pull electrons around atoms to one layer?

There are many theories about the form of the dark matter. Sometimes is predicted that the dark matter could be normal material that electron layers or electron shells are turning flat. In that state, all electrons are orbiting the atom's nucleus at the atom's equator. If that state where all electrons form the flat structure is possible, that thing could make it possible to make the thing that cannot touch or that is invisible. 

If we can make that flat material by pulling electrons to the same level they can form a pancake-looking structure. That thing could explain why UFOs are disappearing just in seconds. That thing requires that the electrons around the atom can put into orbit in the same layer as the planets are drawn in image 1. There is a possibility that the material can return to the original ball form by removing that positive magnetic pole. 

Above: What if some system can pull electrons to one layer like the planets are in that image? 

Image :Wikipedia

Neutrinos could detect dark matter. 

Dark matter is a mystery. It's material that keeps the universe as one entirety. And in some theories, dark energy is the radiation that source is in dark matter. But the problem is that nobody has seen dark matter. And that's why all things that researchers said about dark matter are theories. If we think that dark matter is one version of the material, we must remember one thing. Dark matter could be virtual material. 

The particles that might have a 2D form and that looks like some kind of skyrmions the ring-shaped electromagnetic fields. That thing means that the existence of those virtual particles is very short. In some visions, dark matter is the tornado or thicker point in the quantum field of the universe. 

And if their structure is destroyed that thing releases energy called dark energy. The problem is that there are no single observations about dark matter. Researchers have a suspicion that the Muon G-2 anomaly could be the result of the muon hitting the dark matter particle like WIMP. But confirming that thing is very difficult.

Sometimes researchers use very fast particles like neutrinos to capture hypothetical dark matter particles. If a neutrino impacts dark matter that thing sticks the part of dark matter to the neutrino. But the problem is how to confirm that the quantum field that rides with neutrino is dark matter. Another thing is how to control neutrinos during that test. Artificial neutrinos could be the solution to this problem. The artificial neutrino is always sterile. 

In sterile neutrinos, researchers know their original mass. And that thing makes it possible to observe the change in those particles' weight. When particles travel through the universe, there is always something that connects with them. But confirming the form of the particle or quantum field that rides with the particle requires that the original energy level of the particle is known. 

https://scitechdaily.com/catching-dark-matter-in-a-basement-in-neutrino-alley/

https://scitechdaily.com/microboone-experiment-investigating-a-long-standing-neutrino-mystery/