There is found two probably habitable planet's near our solar system.

The research team, which operates in the Canary Islands found two earth-mass planets near our solar system. Those planets are orbiting red dwarf GJ or Gliese 1002 in the habitable zone. And that thing is one of the most remarkable things in astronomy. The distance to that star is 15,8 light years. So that star is almost our neighbor. 

The surface temperature of that "M" spectral class star is about  3,024 K or 2,751 °C. That means it's far colder than the sun. Even if those planets are close to their star, the radiation of that star is weaker than the Sun. 

The habitable planets near red dwarfs are possible. If there is lots of water on the planet clouds are cooling their atmosphere. Same way as the night side of the locked planet is very cold. And monsoon winds that formed because of the differences in temperatures are also decreasing the temperature on the planet. 

Super-Earths and habitable zones. 

The term "super-earth" means a rocky planet that is larger than Earth. But the planet's size doesn't mean its gravitation is stronger than Earth's gravitational field. The elements that are forming planets determine the strength of the gravitation. And there are known exoplanets that size is two times Earth, but their gravitation is just over 0,6 times Earth's. So the planet is lighter than Earth. 

There must also be smaller-than Earth, metal-rich planets than Earth. But their gravitational fields are stronger. If a small planet involves lots of heavy metals, its gravitational field can be stronger than Earth's. 

Also, if the sea covers the entire planet, that can cause a situation. That winds travel around the planet. That thing can cause that friction turns the atmosphere's temperature very high. In the case of water planets, the wind can continue even for millions of years. And in that case, the long-term friction. Even if that is weak can have massive consequences. 

In a strong gravitational field, gravitation turns water to ice. Also, even a thin atmosphere is turning very dense. 

Because gravitation pulls gasses to the planet's surface in an extremely strong gravitational field, and in extreme pressure, even gasses are turning solid. That kind of planet where the atmosphere is in solid form cannot host any lifeforms. But in gravitational ice could theoretically live 2D worms. 

There is planet Gliese- or GJ 436 that hot ice is covering. The gravitation of that planet is so strong, that water cannot vaporize. 

But normally, or in most scenarios. Liquid water and a stable atmosphere are a requirement for lifeforms. And the planet must somehow tie gasses around it. So the planet must have a magnetic field that pushes star wind away from its atmosphere. Or those ionized particles will blow the atmosphere away from the planet. 

If the planet's gravitational field is weak, the atmosphere will turn very huge. But for a stable atmosphere planet must also have a magnetic field. That denies star wind blowing the gas away from the planet. And that means the planet must have a nucleus in liquid form. 

If the planet's gravitational field is strong, it causes the water's boiling temperature is turning higher. And if the planet's gravitational field is weak, it decreases the boiling point. So if the planet's gravitational field is weak, the water turns to vapor or its density decreases. That means water in very weak gravitation is not in the same form as it's on Earth. 

https://scitechdaily.com/two-potentially-habitable-earth-like-planets-discovered-around-a-star-near-the-sun/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese_436_b

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese_1002

Images: https://scitechdaily.com/two-potentially-habitable-earth-like-planets-discovered-around-a-star-near-the-sun/

Nanoparticles are new tools to fight against cancer and other diseases.

"Fluorescence microscopy image showing FuOXP-siRNA nanoparticles (red) effectively taken up by mouse colon cancer cells. Cell nuclei appear as blue circles. Credit: Chen et al., 2022, Nature Nanotechnology, 10.1038/s41565-022-01266-2" (ScitechDaily.com/Cancer-Fighting Nanoparticles: A New Weapon in the Fight Against Disease)

Nanoparticles are effective tools for many missions. They can use to clean blood from toxins. In that case, nano-size carbon bites will inject into blood vessels. And they will reduce carbon from carbon compounds. The idea is that carbon will break toxic molecules that involve carbon. And nanoparticles can also operate as medicine that destroys cancer cells. 

Nanoparticles can use in medical work in four ways. 

*Nanoparticles can destroy cells themselves. 

*Nanoparticles can mark wanted cells for the immune system for destruction.

*Nanoparticles can transport highly toxic chemicals to cells. 

* Artificial DNA or RNA can be the next-generation medicine. And nanomachines can transport it to the cells. 

*Nanomachines can simply carry DNA or RNA bite that orders the cell to make suicide. 

*Nanomachines can also transport the artificial DNA or RNA that programs the cell to create toxins. Like, some acids that destroy its protein membrane. 

Nanoparticles like fullerene bites or nanotubes are excellent tools for acting as medicine. The problem is, how to make those things travel to the right cells and destroy them. If the nanotube hits the cell it can simply lock the ion pump open. 

Or it can just carry some enzyme to the cell's core, and then that enzyme will break the cell membrane. One of the versions of the nanomachines that can make that kind of thing is the extremely long protein fiber. 

Two very small rolls transform this protein into an extremely small caterpillar track. This thing allows it can move in blood vessels. And then if there is a connected nutrient molecule that the targeted cells are using. The nanomachine will slip inside those cancer cells. 

And then it will turn straight. Because another roll is pushing and another is pulling each other that thing causes the protein will fill the cell or destroy the ion pumps.  

Or that nanomachine is put in the carrier chamber, which releases it into the cell. The two-layer protein makes it possible to use that nano-caterpillar as the transportation capsule. The outer layer of the protein can mark wanted cells for the immune system. And inner layer can involve medical chemicals. 

There is also the possibility that the hollow protein tubes are transporting poisons like ricin into the targeted cells. Ricin is an extremely poisonous chemical. It should be useful against cancer. But the problem is how to transport ricin to the right cells. And there must be a system that transports dead cells away from the body. 

When that protein will travel through the ion pump it can mark the cell for macrophages. And then the protein core releases ricin in the cell. 

There are visions that this kind of nano-tracks can use as medical transporters. That is put on the skin. The idea is that the electrolytic reaction makes those rolls rotate, and then that nano-caterpillar tunnels itself into the body. That protein might have two layers. 

The outer layer tunnels the nanomachine through the skin. The chemical reaction destroys the protective chemicals. And then the system releases medicine into the body. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cancer-fighting-nanoparticles-a-new-weapon-in-the-fight-against-disease/

 

Alzheimer's disease's mystery or at least part of it is solved.

At first, we must realize one thing. There could be more than one reason for Altzheimer. And the thing that causes that horrible syndrome is plaque that isolates neurons from each other. The last research introduces Alzheimer's syndrome as one kind of autoimmune disease. That means the immune system thinks that neurons or their support cells like myelin cells are bacteria. 

And then, the immune system attacks those cells causing Altzheimer's syndrome. When we are thinking of the caries bacteria, which is suspected as the reason for Alzheimer's, we must realize that there is something that forms plaque between axons. 

There is the possibility that there are multiple reasons for Alzheimer's 

*Genetic disorder

*Drinking alcohol at young ages. 

*Using narcotics and especially injecting narcotics in blood vessels that are causing an anomaly in the immune system's behavior. 

*Especially injecting alcohol and solvents in blood vessels causes brain damage. 

*Sniffing that causes holes in myelin chains. 

*Bacteria that form plaque between axons. 

*Something that causes immune cells to attack neurons or myelin cells. 

*Something else that increases the destruction of brain cells. (cytostatics etc.) 

And many other yet unknown reasons. 

And this is the reason why there could be many things that can cause Alzheimer's. There could be some kind of genetic disorder, but things like sniffing, drinking too much alcohol, and other kinds of things are also accelerating the forming of Alzheimer's. Alcohol and sniffing solvents are destroying neurons or myelin cells. That destruction makes holes in those cell chains. And that thing allows bacteria to enter near neurons. 

Alzheimer's itself causes cell destruction. And drinking and sniffing also increase the speed of neuron destruction. So if a person has a genetic disorder that predisposes to Alzheimer's things like drinking alcohol are increasing the advancing of that syndrome. 

https://scitechdaily.com/alzheimers-mystery-solved-angry-immune-cells-in-brain-and-spinal-fluid-identified-as-culprit/

The next thing that AI will make are computer programs.

The Chat GPT is just beginning in the new innovative AI-based systems. Creative AI can make paintings. And in limited sectors, it is better than a human can ever be. The problem with AI is that it does not think about abstractions. And that makes it unable to create things like an academic thesis. But the AI can create poems and fiction by connecting paragraphs from different sources. 

But the AI will turn to the ultimate programmer that makes no mistakes. The Alpha Coders are releasing an AI-based tool that can make new computer software similar way as human coders. The idea of AI-based programming is that the system uses similar technology to Chat GPT. 

In that case, the system uses containers. The container technology allows the connection of applications and their support files to one entirety. The containers are easy to connect. And that allows fast modular programming. 

The programmer requires only a description of what the container includes. And then that person can select containers that the application needs. For making the container or Docker (Docker is the name of one software)-a container-based application the system needs a description of what the application must do. 

And then the AI can select the components or elements by using the containers and create new solutions by connecting those elements as the entirety. The user can select from made-up user interfaces. Or the AI can create a custom user interface. 

AI can use its creativity. Or it can show made-up interfaces and ask the customer to give points for those interfaces. And then that system calculates the average of those things. Automatized AI-based programming is one of the most powerful tools in next-generation software development. 

The AI-based development tool can have multiple containers. That involves source code and support files. But of course, the next-generation trade can mean that there are web stores where software companies can buy the containers where is a pack of needed source code. 

https://scitechdaily.com/rise-of-the-machines-deepmind-alphacode-ais-strong-showing-in-programming-competitions/

Scientists think that paradox-free time travel is possible.

The idea of time travel is simple. The information must start to flow from the future to the past. We know how to travel to the future. We must just make something travel speed that is almost the speed of light. Because the craft or layer travels with the speed of photons or wave motion that thing causes time dilation. And that allows the object to travel to the future. But the problem is how to make information travel back in time. 

If researchers are using quantum entanglement to make information travel back in time, the energy level on the transmitting side must be higher than on receiving side. Because of the expansion of the universe and cosmic inflation. The future is at a lower energy level than the past. And that makes it very difficult to travel back in time. 

But if someday there is possible to send information to the past and create quantum entanglement throughout time and space. That thing makes it possible to bring energy from the past to the future. It makes it possible to create a crystal ball that sees to future. 

But receiving information from the future requires teleportation. But maybe in the future is possible to create a graphene layer or magic mirror that brings information from the future. That system includes two graphene nets. In another graphene layer, the system rises the energy level of electrons. 

That is trapped in the graphene net to the highest possible energy level. The energy level of those electrons will adjust by pumping energy to them by using a graphene net. The electron hovers in the graphene hole and electromagnetic stress is delivered to that electron by using graphene. And in another case. Energy can shoot away from the hole where the electron hovers. By using a laser ray. 

Then the energy level of electrons. That is in receiving graphene network will be put to the lowest possible level. Then those electrons will be superpositioned and entangled. The idea is that the distance between those systems will increase in time. And quantum entanglement brings information across time. That thing makes it possible to see the future. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-physicist-came-up-with-math-that-shows-paradox-free-time-travel-is-plausible

Genetic-engineered tobacco produces cocaine in its leaves.

Genetic transformation and genetic engineering allow researchers to create many things that were impossible before. The genetically engineered vegetables that are creating chemicals are always interesting. 

The ability to create tobacco that forms cocaine also causes thoughts that members of organized crime gangs can steal a couple of seedlings of those vegetables. In the wrong hands, genetic engineering makes it possible to create regular-looking plants like field mustard that make it possible to create narcotics like cocaine and opium. 

Genetically engineered vegetables can form medicines. They can form antibiotics and some other things. But the possibilities that genetic engineering gives have no limits. 

Genomes that are making spiders create their fiber can transfer to hemp and cotton. That allows us to create that ultra-hard material in large numbers. 

Genetically engineered vegetables can use to create fast-growing trees. The genome of beans can connect with the genomes of iron trees. And that thing makes it possible to create fast-growing very hard trees in forests. There is also the possibility of creating things, like spider web material by using cotton or hemp. 

In that case, the genomes that produce fibers in cotton or hemp will replace by using the genomes that are making spiders create their web. Spider's web is one of the hardest materials in nature. And if that material can form a large mass, it can revolutionize technology. 

The problem with genetically engineered plants is that they are superior to natural species. There is the possibility to create corn or grain. That is poisonous while it grows. And then that creature turns non-poisonous when it's time to harvest. 

But genetically engineered plants where connected genomes of animals can make much more. There is a possibility to turn some horror-movie into reality by transforming genomes into vegetables. That are producing tetrodotoxin-type zombie poisons. Those poisons can use in riot-control situations. Tetrodotoxin is normally poison that fish creates. And the thing that causes death is drowning. But in dry land tetrodotoxin makes the person unable to resist commands. 

When we are thinking about the possibilities. Genetically engineered vegetables have, we can say that they can form almost everything. In the wildest visions, genetically engineered vegetables can form organs for transplants, or even animals and humans.

https://www.livescience.com/40690-zombie-haiti-are-zombies-real.html

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-tobacco-plant-has-been-engineered-to-produce-cocaine-in-its-leaves

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin

Measure time in trillions of billionths of a second.

 It's time for quantum cryptography. 

Zeptosecond is trillions of billionths of a second. And the new atom clock or measurement method makes it possible to measure time in zeptoseconds accurately. That kind of accuracy is interesting. Because it allows the creation of new and faster microchip technology.

The binary computer is not dead even if quantum computers are coming. Binary computers are still dominating marketing. And in the future binary computers and binary microchips are still in use at the executive level of computer-controlled technology. 

The model of future computing has two levels. Even if quantum computers are becoming coming more common. The problem with quantum computers is that quantum entanglement is not stable. 

When the quantum entanglement reaches energy stability. That breaks the entanglement. And then, the binary computer must re-adjust the quantum system. 

*The quantum computers. That are in fixed positions. 

*And the binary computers that are working as the brain for robots. 

When remote quantum computers give commands to executive robots. It creates order by analyzing incoming data. Then that system sends operational orders for the executive robot. That robot makes the physical job of a quantum computer. 

This model is in use in modern computing. We don't use supercomputers straight with robots. The highly automatized systems use supercomputers as controllers, but in those cases, the supercomputers send commands to robots through the network. And in that model, the quantum computers are just put in the position of supercomputers. 

The virtualization of quantum computers. 

Binary computers can also operate as virtual quantum computers. In those virtual quantum systems, the system shares information as bites (or segments) to separate binary computers. In that kind of binary system, the binary computer group plays quantum computers. 

The TCP/IP protocol makes it possible to share information with segments. And those segments will send to binary computers as a line. That kind of system is less powerful than real quantum computers. But they are more powerful than regular stand-alone binary computers. 

In quantum communication the system shares message to different frequencies. And then that kind of system is harder to break. The thing is that receiver must get all parts of the message. And if there are multiple holes in the information. 

That causes the attacker cannot to read the message itself if that attacker doesn't have all of those frequencies. And because the system will pack information before it sends it. An attacker must also know the precise time. When the system sends the package. If the attacker misses the time, that means the attacker misses the code. 

The term non-symmetrical quantum encryption process means that. The system sends information packages by using separate frequencies and separately adjusted moments. That will physically protect information. 

This system is similar to the container. The idea is that each data pack has an ID number that tells where they belong. The model for that kind of cryptography is taken from warehouses. The idea is that system packs data in multiple packages that must be put in the same place. 

This kind of non-synchronized protocol means that there is a code in each data pack. That code tells the container where the system must drive each data pack. And the thing is that those data packs can send in at different times. They can send from different places. And different times. The idea is similar to the post office. 

The receiving system sends the time when the data packages that belong to certain messages must send. And then it gives the container number. That is the PO box that the system must use. That number that can be as an example 136 tells that the packages that have this registration number must send in, let's say at 8:36 o'clock in Eastern Pacific standard time. Or the time can be Timbuktu standard time. 

The receiving system collects those data packages to container number 136. In real life, those containers can have millions of numbers and letters in their serial numbers. There are hundreds of variants of that model. 

https://scitechdaily.com/zeptosecond-resolution-measuring-times-in-trillionths-of-a-billionth-of-a-second/

See also TCP/IP