Temperature is relative.

The absolute zero point is -273,15 degrees Celsius. That thing is the minimum energy level in our universe. That means the temperature cannot go below this absolute zero kelvin degrees. Or we can say that temperature can go below that temperature outside the universe. 

But then we must realize one thing, the universe is the same time hot and cold. And the space outside the universe is much stranger than the universe itself. When the temperature reaches absolute zero point, that means that all movements end and helium turns to ice. So at that point, we have nothing that can measure lower temperatures. ''

The thing is that because the universe sends wave motion like IR-radiation away from it, that thing causes a situation in that the space outside the universe is at a lower energy level than the universe itself. When that thing happens universe loses its mass. That radiation is the result of the reaction where material turns to wave movement. 

Almost all material in the universe is in plasmatic mode. When gas or plasma is in very low pressure. Those atoms have a space, where they can jump around. And those jumping atoms cause a situation where they act like bullets. Those jumping ions are the reason why space pilots must have space suits that can protect them against those ions. 

But as I wrote earlier temperature is relative. The maximum temperature is 55 kelvin on that dwarf planet.  Depends on people if the temperature is low or high. Temperatures are relative things. And it would be crucial in many reactions. Especially in nanotechnology is needed ultra-stable conditions that atoms are connecting them to the wanted direction. 

One of the most interesting things in ultra-low temperatures is that the aging of cells stops. At the absolute zero point, where all movement ended. There is no vibration in DNA. That thing means. That the systems can store even the human body and DNA to an absolute zero point. And in some visions, those bodies will wake up centuries or even millenniums later. 

Theoretically, researchers can make interstellar journeys or even immortality possible. But the problem is that waking up that crew is not as easy as people think. The temperature must rise so slowly that the cells of those people will not split.  If somebody solves that problem theoretically is possible to create immortality that base is in this very low technology. 

One new research says that Oumuamua was a natural object, and another research says that it was not a natural object.

The thing is this: don't be so serious. A story about the Oumumua or asteroid from another solar system as an alien spacecraft is a hypothesis. The model of the alien or human futuristic SETI probe is that the craft would be covered by ice. In some versions or theoretical models, alien probes are miniature robots or probe-swarm.  

The size of those robot probes is not very big and they form a swarm of independently operating probes. Those probe swarms are the cosmic version of drone swarms. And because those probes are acting as an entirety that guarantees their survivability in an extremely long journey. 

Those systems are closed in cosmic ice bite. Then the senders of that probe will send it through the most promising solar systems. When that ice melts it releases that intelligent dust. That ice core cover's its origin. The probe comes to the targeted solar system by using passive systems. And the communication will not uncover the probe. The model for that is taken from nuclear submarines. 

"This artist’s impression shows the first interstellar object discovered in the Solar System, 1I/’Oumuamua, discovered in 2017. The wayward object swung within 24 million miles of the Sun before racing out of the solar system. Credit: ESA/Hubble, NASA, ESO, M. Kornmesser" (ScitechDaily.com/Cracking the ’Oumuamua Code: Alien Spaceship or Natural Phenomenon?)

Those submarines patrolling using hydrophones and other passive systems will not uncover the submarine. So this is why the Oumumua fits this profile. But there is the possibility that the hydrogen that melted and vaporized from the surface of that asteroid made it act as it acted. The problem is that the vaporization happens at the side of the Oumuamua that is turned to the sun. 

That means particles that come from the sun are releasing the hydrogen that is in the direction where that asteroid is traveling. And that means the hydrogen should act like a breaking rocket. If the hydrogen layer was not homogenous, hydrogen release happens locally. And that thing changes the route of the asteroid. So that supports the model where Oumumua is the natural object. 

The fact is that there is the possibility that hydrogen ice that vaporized from Oumuamua's surface could change the trajectory of that object. Another thing is that the Oumumua arrived in our solar system at the angle that the sunlight strikes it diagonally. And that thing means that Oumumua is natural. Or was it an alien probe? The answer is that nobody ever walked on Oumumua's surface. 

And there are no samples from that interstellar asteroid, so we can say that Oumumua was an object that could be alien spacecraft covered by ice. The fact is that surely nobody knows the answer. So the case of Oumumua causes more discussions about its origin in the future. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cracking-the-oumuamua-code-alien-spaceship-or-natural-phenomenon/

White holes: theoretical opposite black holes.

 White holes are theoretical objects or the opposite versions of the black hole. The white hole is the point where particles come out from the theoretical tunnels through the universe called a wormhole. And "white color" of that object is caused by slowing particles that are coming out from the white hole. 

When those particles come out from the wormhole. They must slow their speed. And that thing causes a situation where those particles send radiation. But still today the white holes are theoretical objects as well as gravitational wormholes. The fact is that nobody could ever travel in the white hole. 

The radiation that comes out from that object makes it impossible. So the only way how to benefit wormholes in interstellar travel is to drive the craft in them by using black holes that are another side of the wormhole. There is a possibility that energy that comes out from the white hole can use to stop the aging of particles and the crew of the craft. 

In wormhole theories, there are black holes that pull material into wormholes. And white holes are points where those particles come out from the wormhole. In some other models of those theories, white holes are objects that are forming at the points where material falls from the fourth dimension or the material's energy level decreases so much that it can interact with the material in the third dimension. So when the material's energy level decreases it sends radiation. 

"When matter collapses, it can inevitably form a black hole. Roger Penrose was the first to work out the physics of spacetime, applicable to all observers at all points in space and at all instants in time, that governs a system such as this. His conception has been the gold standard in General Relativity ever since" (BigThink/Ask Ethan: What are white holes, and do they really exist?)

As well as there are electromagnetic and acoustic wormholes and black holes, electromagnetic and acoustic white holes exist. Those acoustic and electromagnetic white holes are the points where the tunnel through a medium like water suddenly ends. 

Electromagnetic wormholes are a reality. The X- and gamma-ray radiation that comes from the black hole are making the electromagnetic channel through the universe. Electromagnetic wormholes can stop time in particles. And that thing means. That they are the same way interesting as still theoretical gravitational wormholes. 

But then we can think that electromagnetic white holes are the same way possible. And actually, electromagnetic white holes are quite easy to make. The only thing that is needed is the tunnel through the medium where light travels faster than usual. Then the end of that tunnel will be closed very soon. 

The acoustic systems can make electromagnetic white holes in the water. The system creates a tunnel through the water, and then ion or electron cannon shoots an ion or electron through that tunnel. The electron travels faster than in that tunnel or channel it travels faster than light travels in water. When that particle impacts with water that is blown through that tunnel it sends radiation. 

Researchers can use acoustic and electromagnetic wormholes and electromagnetic white holes in space engineering. The idea is that the laser or some other system makes an electromagnetic wormhole in the rocket engine. Then ion cannon shoots ions through that channel and then the side coming hydrogen will suddenly close that channel. The effect causes a situation in that slowing ions will send radiation to the medium and causes its expansion. 

The real white hole could give a rocket ability to travel between stars. The wormhole between black holes and white holes will pull to the rocket engine's combustion chamber. Then that system uses the energy that comes out from the white hole to transport craft forward. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/white-holes-exist/

How can particle beams travel faster than light in blazars?

Blazars are hyperactive galaxies. Quite similar to quasars but blazars are bigger than quasars. Some astronomers say that blazars are the next step in the process where quasar turns to spiral galaxy. So in that model blazars are young galaxies that are just forming their spiral structure around the supermassive black hole. 

The electromagnetic wormholes make it possible that light travels in the eruption channel in blazars faster than light. Or actually, they travel faster than other places in that super-active galaxy. The reason for that is that the very high energy burst from the black hole in the middle of the galaxy is pushing particles out from their route. 

Blazars are interesting objects because particles and energy bursts from supermassive black holes in the center those very active galaxies seem to cross the speed of light. Those particles are not traveling faster than light. They are traveling faster than light in other places in that galaxy. That thing means we could make electromagnetic wormholes through the air by using laser rays. The idea is that laser rays are forming channels where the air is thinner. And that causes a situation where particles can travel faster than outside that channel. 

Above) "This animation shows a subset of the Large Area Telescope gamma-ray records now available for more than 1,500 objects in a new, continually updated repository. Over 90% of these sources are a type of galaxy called a blazar, powered by the activity of a supermassive black hole. Credit: NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center/Daniel Kocevski" (ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s Fermi Space Telescope Captures Cosmic Fireworks in Dynamic Gamma-Ray Sky)

Above)  The artist's impression of an energy beam. That travels across the molecular clouds. That radiation pushes particles away from its route. And it makes it possible that particles are traveling faster than they should. 

The reason for that is that those particles are moving so close to each other in an electromagnetic wormhole that the electromagnetic fields cannot fill the space between those particles. Those high-energy beams are making holes in the material of that galaxy. That removes reflection from that channel. And that causes the situation. Where particles can travel faster than it travels in other places in that active galaxy.  

Also, electromagnetic radiation surrounds those particles pushing material away from their track. That thing means that there is no other material in that beam than the material that travels in it. That material along with very powerful coherent radiation causes a situation that there is a smaller number of particles in those beams than in the surrounding galaxy. 

When the radiation and particles travel across the dust and gas in the galaxy those surrounding send reflection radiation to that eruption channel. So those particles are acting like lighting tubes of lasers that are pumping energy in that channel. This thing makes that effect where energy and particles are traveling faster than light. Or actually, the particles in that energy channel travel faster than in other places in the galaxy. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-fermi-space-telescope-captures-cosmic-fireworks-in-dynamic-gamma-ray-sky/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar

The new cosmic gamma-ray background involves interesting data.

When we look at the cosmic gamma-ray background we can see that the major gamma-ray area is like the belt in the image. That thing causes interesting ideas like the existence of some kind of hyper-massive black hole in the center of the universe. If that hypothetical object exists that thing means that our galaxy is in the equatorial zone of the ball-shaped visible universe. The reason, why I made this conclusion is that normally black holes send gamma rays mainly from their poles. 

Gamma-rays are interesting things. They are at the highest energy level of known radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum. The short wavelength makes gamma-rays extremely penetrating. And the reason, why gamma-rays are hard to detect is that the particles that send this radiation send energy impulses very often. That causes a reaction where the particles that receive gamma-rays cannot decrease their energy level enough that they can send reflection radiation. The changes in the energy level of the receiving object happen in so short periods that the particle has no time to send photons. 

When gamma rays impact walls they rise the energy levels of the particles. And then gamma-rays act like the wind. That pushes electrons in opposite directions. That thing causes the tunneling effect that allows gamma-rays to travel through extremely thick walls. The thing that destroys the wall is free energy. When gamma-rays impact atoms and their quantum fields they rise those atoms' energy levels. All particles attempt to reach the minimum energy level, which is the same as their environment. 

"This animation shows a subset of the Large Area Telescope gamma-ray records now available for more than 1,500 objects in a new, continually updated repository. Over 90% of these sources are a type of galaxy called a blazar, powered by the activity of a supermassive black hole. Credit: NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center/Daniel Kocevski" (ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s Fermi Space Telescope Captures Cosmic Fireworks in Dynamic Gamma-Ray Sky)

"First survey of the sky at energies above 1 GeV, collected by Fermi in three years of observation (2009 to 2011)".(Wikipedia/Gamma-ray astronomy)

"Diffuse sky Fermi–LAT’s five-year sky map, indicating the various diffuse components that make up 80% of all photons detected. Credit: NASA"(Cerncourier/Star-forming galaxies rule gamma-ray sky)

And in that process, particles send radiation. So the energy pumping to the system is not destructive. The thing that destroys the system is the energy impact that atoms release when energy pumping ends. That energy that comes from those atoms pushes them away from each other and that breaks the bonds between them. In gas, atoms have more space to move. 

If gamma-ray impact continues long enough it forms standing radiation between atoms. And if that energy pumping continues those standing waves push atoms away so sooner or later gamma-rays destroy the wall. The time how the wall can resist gamma-ray impulses depends on the absorption speed. Or how effectively energy transition to the wall happens. 

And when gamma-rays are impacting air molecules. That radiation pushes those atoms and molecules sideways. That decreases the energy level of those atoms more than in the case where they are in the lead or some other solid material. When air molecule moves away from gamma-ray it sends stronger reflection. That forms standing waves that catch gamma-rays. And then that reflection causes the effect that gamma-rays from outer space cannot travel through the atmosphere. 

https://cerncourier.com/a/star-forming-galaxies-rule-gamma-ray-sky/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-fermi-space-telescope-captures-cosmic-fireworks-in-dynamic-gamma-ray-sky/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray_astronomy

What is the size of the black hole?

In normal cases, when we discuss the size of a black hole we say that the black hole's size is the Schwarzschild-radius. That is the distance of the event horizon, and that is the point where escaping velocity turns faster than light. That means the black hole is an extremely dense gravitational field that surrounds the extremely dense object. 

The mass of the object that forms the black hole can be normal. But its density is so high that it can form an extremely dense gravitational field. So that means that every single object in the universe can turn into a black hole if it gets enough energy. When a particle or object turns into a black hole all its quantum states will turn into one. 

So the black hole doesn't destroy information or material. It just connects them to one entirety. So that means quantum states of material are unified into one entirety called a singularity. Sometimes that term is used also meaning the area inside the event horizon. But it means the state of material where all subatomic particles and quantum fields are connected as an extremely small and dense entirety. 

The event horizon is the extremely high-energy area around the black hole. At that point, the escaping velocity turns the same as the speed of light. And in that point photons are orbiting the center of a black hole. The event horizon has stages. The most out stage is the point, where ions are orbiting the black hole. Then the electrons and finally photons are orbiting that monster. When electrons are orbiting the event horizon, they are transmitting energy out from the black hole. 

Or actually, photons are the first particles that store gravitational energy, and then they impact those electrons. When kinetic energy is stored in a particle. It must get it from somewhere. In black holes, the thing that forms the energy is the gravitational field. 

The energy is not forming from emptiness. The particles that are orbiting black holes are transforming gravitational energy to another form.  The process is similar to the cases, where the hydro plant's turbine transforms the water flow that travels through it into kinetic energy. And then the generator turns kinetic energy into electricity. Near the black hole energy that impacts the particles increases their energy. 

So the particles near black holes are also transmitting energy outside. But does that energy come in or out of the black hole? When a transition disk around a black hole orbits it, there is friction between those particles, but that material disk also captures energy from interstellar space. When those particles hit electrons and photons. That increases the energy level in the transition disk. And that is the thing that feeds black holes. And as you might see the interactions around the black hole and its transition disk are quite complicated. 

During that process, electrons behave like always. They are curving closer to the event horizon. And when they jump back they send photons. But the event horizon itself is the place, where the photon cloud orbits the extremely strong gravitational field. And at that point, everything disappears in the black hole. So the information that falls into the black hole remains. But there is no way to reach it. The photon is the last particle that can escape from the black hole. 

One of the reasons why nobody and nothing can escape from inside the event horizon is that the energy travels into the center of the black hole. And the thing is the reason, why physicists believe in the existence of wormholes and white holes. When something falls into a black hole it increases its mass and energy level. That means the black hole should expand forever. But somehow black holes seem to lose their mass. That means something still escape from those monsters. Another interesting thing is the gravitational waves that black holes are sending. 

There is the possibility, that those gravitational wave's sources are the extremely small black holes or so-called parasite black holes that are orbiting larger black holes. In that model, the black holes form a large group of atom-size black holes around them. The gravitational fields of those small black holes can stretch the event horizon outwards. 

And there is a possibility that just in the middle of those small black holes. The gravitational field is stronger than just below the larger black hole's event horizon. So the parasite black hole steals material and energy from the larger black holes. And when they impact the event horizon of the larger black holes they send gamma rays. 

Because part of the energy that is released in that reaction is stored in the smaller black hole it transfers that energy out from the larger black hole. The idea is that when energy is transferred to the smaller black hole before it impacts the larger black hole, that smaller black hole can conduct energy out from the larger black hole. 

The idea is similar to putting water from a large tank into a drinking glass. If we drop that glass it just takes water out of the tank. And sooner or later the large tank will turn empty. 

https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-resources/how-big-is-a-black-hole/

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/black-hole-actual-size/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

Tomorrow is for DNA-controlled microchips.

 Tomorrow is for DNA-controlled microchips. 

Biotechnology allows genetically engineered bacteria can control nanomachines. 

The analog computer that stores information in the form of DNA can be an excellent tool for ROM (Read-Only) memories of electronic computers. Because the ROM chip's information is stored in chemical form. That thing makes it possible to create microchips that cannot copy unauthorized. The microchip requires ROM memory for uploading its program, which involves information about the kernel or the interface that connects the operating system with hardware. Without that information, the microchip is pure sand. 

The use of genetically engineered bacteria as the tool for controlling nanomachines is one of the most interesting ideas in machine-organism hybridization. The bacteria that is loaded with customized DNA can give orders for nanomachines. The problem with this type of system is how to produce enough custom DNA. 

The artificial DNA makes it possible to create bacteria that can give signals to nanomachines by using electric impulses. The DNA makes it possible that the pre-programmed system can control nanomachines. And those nanomachines can operate independently. Or they can be connected with some other cells. 

In that kinds of systems, the nanomachines act as switches between bacteria and the receiving systems which can be cells or microchips. The electric bacteria can also use to program the nano-size microchips. The thing is that the artificial bacteria that carry data make next-generation data security possible. The idea is that the DNA that involves information is unbreakable. 

And that allows the creators of microchips to control better licenses. There is the possibility that DNA stores information in sequences, and the number of those sequences determines how many microchips that kind of system can program. When the bacteria reach the last sequence, it will be terminated by programmed self-destruction. That denies unauthorized microchip production. 

In those systems, analogic computers will transform their information to electronic systems and otherwise, electric systems can transfer data to the microchips. The thing is that the system can use analogic computers as the ultimate ROM (Read-Only) memories. The analog ROM memories are loading operating systems to electronic systems. Because data of the ROM memory is stored in chemical form, that thing can make it impossible to copy microchips without permission.