There is too much material in galaxies, and the question is, where that material lurks?

There is too much material in galaxies, and the question is, where that material lurks?

In modern theories, galaxies are forming around supermassive black holes. The galaxy starts existence as a supermassive black hole. That black hole forms when some molecular cloud falls because of its gravitation. Then that thing forms a quasar. When a quasar collects atoms around it quasar expands into an elliptical galaxy. Then the elliptical galaxy turns to the "S"-shape form. And then it starts to form a spiral galaxy. The center bubble around the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy is the remnant of the elliptical stage of the life of the galaxy. 

The "S"-shaped form is not necessary to mean that galaxy is young. If that material disk orbits too fast the supermassive black hole there is a possibility. That material flies out from the end of its structure because of centripetal force. But logically thinking the "S"-shaped form is the result of the reaction that looks like when the stick is rolling in the middle of the dough. That thing forms the "S"-shaped form before the material starts to circle that stick. In galaxies, that stick is the supermassive black hole that pulls material around it, and it jets. 

The spiral galaxy's visible structure is a small part of its entirety, called a galaxy. There are lots of material around those galaxies that are hard to observe. The shine of a spiral galaxy covers the extremely cold gas nebulas around the spiral structure under it. Most of the stars form in the visible spiral structure. But there is a possibility that the jets from the supermassive black holes cause turbulence. That makes it possible that stars can form around those jets outside the spiral structure. 

All galaxies are elliptical if we measure them by using their halo. Lots of very low-temperature gas surrounds the shining spiral structure. There are lots of elliptical galaxies around spiral galaxies. The reason, why those elliptical galaxies are not turning to spiral galaxies is that the extremely massive galaxies near them pull gas and dust out of them. 

The Milky Way with its jets that are leaving Sagit A*. The image not portrayed the Milky Way. But all jets from galaxies are similar. 

Galaxies from the left are elliptical galaxies, Barred ("S-Shaped")spiral galaxies, and spiral galaxies. 

The third image is the larger image of that elliptical galaxy. Two black points can be two black holes sending material jets around the galaxy. "Like dust bunnies that lurk in corners and under beds, surprisingly complex loops and blobs of cosmic dust lie hidden in the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1316. This image made from data obtained with the NASA Hubble Space Telescope reveals the dust lanes and star clusters of this giant galaxy that give evidence that it was formed from a past merger of two gas-rich galaxies".

"The combination of Hubble's superb spatial resolution and the sensitivity of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), installed onboard Hubble in 2002 and used for these images, enabled uniquely accurate measurements of a class of red star clusters in NGC 1316. Astronomers conclude that these star clusters constitute clear evidence of the occurrence of a major collision of two spiral galaxies that merged together a few billion years ago to shape NGC 1316 as it appears today".Credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)

(https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_299.html)

The spiral structure is a transition disk around an extremely massive black hole. When that transition disk orbits the black hole, the centripetal force at the edge of that thing pushes material away from it. And then the jets from the supermassive black holes drive material away from that structure. 

When material travels out from the galaxy they are forming clouds. Those clouds are forming because there is the jet flows around the galaxy so that material cannot fly through those jet flows that form when the magnetic field around the galaxy accelerates plasma. When a black hole throws material out from the galaxy, its gravitation pulls that material back. And sooner or later the speed of that gas slows so much that it cannot cross the ion ball. The ion ball around the galaxy is like a dome. The magnetic field takes the ions that travel at a too-slow speed with them and forms the dome that denies those ions travel through those magnetic power lines. 

There is lots of almost invisible material around galaxies. That material is in very cold nebulas outside galaxies. So how that thing can happen? In modern theories, galaxies are forming around supermassive black holes. The structure that we call a spiral galaxy is the transition disk around a very massive black hole. So where does the material go after galaxies are born? When a supermassive black hole starts to make the whirl around it. There are many other forces than just gravitation that affects that material disk. 

The centripetal forces can just throw the material away from that transition disk. Maybe the centripetal forces. Along with radiation is the thing that makes it possible that material just travels away from the galaxies. The extremely powerful radiation that goes out from the supermassive black holes in the middle of the galaxy. When particles are traveling out from a black hole taking gas and other things with them. So, that jet pike from the middle of the galaxy is transporting lots of material away from the galaxy. 

 https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2021/062/01FMT67GZ7DA28FFJTAF3YGPKC

https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_299.html

https://www.universetoday.com/33986/messier-32/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barred_spiral_galaxy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy

Black holes, information, and states of material: the new gravitational model.

Black holes, information, and states of material: the new gravitational model. 

Can superstrings that act like heat pumps explain gravitation?

If we think that the information is the new state of matter, we could call the information the name "superstring". The superstring is a very thin electromagnetic field. In some theories, the superstring can turn straight. And then it can transfer information, like a stick between stars. 

In that model, the superstring just moves back and forth and it can transmit information over long distances. But the superstring can also act like a heat pump and make the object in its route colder. 

When a superstring travels through the gravitational center it pulls energy out from it. Electromagnetic fields are creating onion-looking structures around the objects. And those fields called superstrings to travel through the middle of that thing. So gravitational field should act similar way to all other electromagnetic fields. When those fields travel through the center of that effect they take energy out of it. That makes the center of that gravitational structure colder. 

The direction of energy flow determines if the material is getting old or does it get younger. If the superstring that travels through the object gets more energy than it transfers out from the energy center it loads energy to that center which name could be the gravitational center. 

When material ages, it releases energy. And when the material is getting younger it receives energy. Because the material is one form of energy, that means superstrings are the simplest possible form of energy. Superstrings are extremely thin quantum fields. So what are quantum fields? They are a cross between material and energy. The Schwinger effect just turns superstrings into particles. Otherwise saying to the Schwinger effect crossing electromagnetic fields are rolling each other to particle-anti-particle pairs. And that thing is confirmed when electromagnetic radiation turned into quark-antiquark pair. 

If we think that gravitation is one form of electromagnetic radiation we can see that the thing that forms the gravitational effect are the magnetic fields that travel through the gravitational center. Superstrings that are extremely thin quantum fields traveling through the gravitational center act like heat pumps. That thing transfers energy out from the gravitational center. And that thing makes the gravitational center colder than its environment. Because energy or quantum fields travel in lower energy levels, that thing makes it possible that gravitation can pull all objects into the gravitational center. 

Superstrings are extremely thin quantum fields. Sometimes that term is used for meaning the small energy fields around atoms. The reason for that name is those energy fields are a mixture of all fundamental forces. Sometimes superstrings mean extremely thin electromagnetic fields. And because of gravitational waves, gravitation is also radiation, which place in the electromagnetic spectrum is unknown. 

Above:) The magnetic fields that travel through an object act like a heat pump. This makes objects colder or turns them to lower energy levels. So is there some kind of small electromagnetic low-pressure area just over the neutron star's shell? 

The high-power magnetic field transfers radiation and particles away from that object. Because magnetic fields are very strong their power lines pull objects with them. Those objects cannot transfer kinetic energy to that object if they turn to poles just before they should impact with a neutron star.  And they act like thermal pumps. The gravitational fields should look similar. So those fields are causing a situation where energy travels over that object. 

That movement acts like a heat pump. In that model all gravitational fields are similar. But their strength is different. The reason for that is all other electromagnetic fields are similar without depending on the objects that they surround. 

And because gravitation is similar to radiation as other radiation frequencies, that thing means that the gravitation should act like a magnetic field. And also black holes' electromagnetic and all other quantum fields act like all other similar fields. But they are much stronger than neutron stars or planets' quantum fields. So quantum field can also be used as the common name for all gravitational and electromagnetic fields. 

Does the black hole destroy material? 

The answer is no. The black hole doesn't destroy material or information. It just turns it into a state that is unknown to us. That state of the material is called a singularity. 

Only a supernova or kilonova explosion can form a black hole. The reason for that is the bubble. When a supernova explosion happens it forms bubbles or an electromagnetic vacuum. Or actually, a supernova can form a short-term warp bubble where particles travel faster than otherwise. When that cosmic shockwave travels, it harvests energy in it. But sooner or later, that bubble starts to collapse. Because there is an energy minimum inside the bubble. 

The electromagnetic fields will fall in the middle of that supernova remnant it pushing quantum fields and particles inside it to one entirety called the singularity. Sometimes people use the term "singularity" about the area that is inside the black hole's event horizon. 

And that thing means that gravitation could be a series of energy fields, that travel out from the black hole. The thing is that, because gravitation pulls all objects in the same way, there must be some kind of lower energy place in the universe that forms the effect that pulls all particles in the mass center. 

So does the magnetic- or some other radiation field around a black hole (or other mass centers" the gravitational effect. When we look at the magnetic fields we see that those fields form the wire-looking structure around the center. 

That means those power lines are traveling through the nucleus of the object. And that means the magnetic field acts like a heat pump. The heat pump makes the "colder" or lower energy point in the gravitational center. And that thing causes that energy or information travels at that point, as I wrote at the beginning of this text. 

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/

Nano-size analog computers are unbreakable systems.

 The new analog quantum computer is making many things faster than regular systems. 

Nano-size analog computers are unbreakable systems.

Nano-size analog computers are unbreakable systems. But the problem is that they cannot program again. So in those systems is programmed the series of actions is fixed. And the user o those systems cannot make any changes to the parts of those things. 

The analog nano-size computer is similar to old fashion analog computers. But it can offer the possibility of creating preprogrammed computers that can use in keys and missile guidance. 

Theoretically is possible to connect the quantum particles and make them operate as analog computers operate. Or, maybe, the use of nanotechnology is easier to use in nano-size analog computers. The idea of an analog computer is that system can be pre-programmed for some mission. 

And the analog RISC computer that uses quantum- or nanotechnical particles is one of the most powerful systems in single-use nanomachines. The system can create pre-programmed quantum or nano-size computer whose particles acts like in the WWII analog computers. And then that system can look like the box, installed in the robot. 

Above: Antikythera mechanism is the oldest known mechanic computer. (Wikipedia). That image portrays the year 2007 reconstruction, 

The analog computer is one of the most secure systems in the world. There is a possibility that analog miniature computers can install the keys and other devices that open things like doors. 

There is the vision. That the nano-size analog computer can install on a USB stick. The fingerprint or some other biometric recognition system can activate this kind of computer. 

The idea is that the recognition system is in the laptop or some other system like a mobile telephone that is connected to the computer. Then the fingerprint reader sends the message to the computer, which sends a verification code to the analog computer. If that analog system accepts the code, it drives the entry program. If that USB stick is not connected to the computer. It might open the "public" desktop. 

The thing is that analog, preprogrammed computers are not possible to hack. So these kinds of analogic systems can use in computer security, and of course, in things like missile guidance. If the missile guidance systems use analog computers. It's impossible to copy the program code from those missiles and install it in other systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/solving-previously-unsolvable-problems-a-new-type-of-analog-quantum-computer/

WARP and hypersonic technology.

 WARP and hypersonic technology. 

Acoustic systems can make WARP-bubble simulations true. And they also can make new types of hypersonic aircraft to reality. 

The acoustic WARP bubbles are also interesting things. The acoustic WARP bubbles are low-pressure bubbles that loudspeaker systems are making around objects. The oscillating membrane can use to send tight pressure impulses at the front of supersonic aircraft. 

If there are loudspeaker (oscillating membrane) systems that can send pressure waves to the sides of the body of the aircraft, the system can push the pressure wall away from the aircraft's body. And that kind of pressure-based system can make hypersonic flight easier. '

The reason for that is that an acoustic system can push the supersonic pressure cone away from the aircraft's body. Another thing, that can make it is the laser. The laser rays can use to push air molecules away from the aircraft's route and body. The problem is that electromagnetic systems are rising the air temperature. Those systems can make it easier to create hypersonic aircraft. But they also can simulate the real WARP bubble. 

Can kilonova form the WARP bubble? 

The collimation of neutron stars is an extremely violent thing. Just before the impact, the north and south poles are pointing at each other. And when the trajectory of those neutron stars is closing they start to orbit each other with increasing speed. 

And just before the impact, the magnetic fields of the neutron stars are forming virtual particles between them. The wave movement impacts to create a powerful shockwave. In that shockwave, the energy travels in one direction. And that could make it possible, that particles really can travel faster than they usually travel. 

When the poles of those high-energy objects are closing, they form an electromagnetic tornado between them. And that thing makes it possible that the impacts of those particles cause virtually to cross the speed of light. The kilonovas are the things that are giving information about the most high-power reactions in the universe. 

There is the possibility that by using colliding neutrons is possible to create some kind of WARP bubble. The WARP bubbles are interesting things because they allow reaching speeds that are higher than any time before. The perfect WARP bubbles are not possible. But there is possible to create virtual WARP-bubbles. 

Those non-perfect or weak WARP bubbles are allowing to make systems that can accelerate particles faster speed than any system before. The system can by using crossing accelerators. The other accelerators are shooting neutrons against each other. And the main accelerator impacts electrons and positrons inside those shockwaves. 

https://www.iflscience.com/illusion-makes-colliding-neutron-stars-jet-appear-faster-than-speed-of-light-65738

https://www.livescience.com/cosmic-jet-breaks-light-speed

Microfluids, acoustic systems, and nanotechnology are the ultimate combination.

 Microfluids, acoustic systems, and nanotechnology are the ultimate combination. 

The new types of advanced robots combine microfluidics and acoustic technologies. The small-size molecular propellers making possible to move single atoms or molecules. Extremely small nano-size whips that operators use under very powerful microscopes make it possible to create new types of 3D- and 2D nanostructures. 

The new CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacturing) technology makes it possible to connect the new acoustic manipulators to computers and AI-based technology. 

In this kind of semi-automatic system, the operators move the images of the atoms and molecules on the screen. Then the highly advanced CAM system makes the physical molecule in the reaction chamber. This type of system allows mass-producing complicated nanomachines. The idea of this kind of system is that there are lots of manipulators in some laboratories. 

In the first, operators make models for the wanted nano-system by using one actor. In that model, the mass spectrometers are following the chemical environment in the reaction chamber. If the result satisfies the system scales, that model is through the system to other manipulators. 

The acoustic systems can also offer new cures against bacteria and viruses. The nanomachine can just put manipulators over cells that the system wants to destroy. Then the nanomachine pressure impulses to that cell. That system can give resonance by using an outside sound source or internal sound circuit. 

The best way to destroy non-wanted cells is just to inject some crystals into those cells. Then the system puts that crystal to resonate. That resonance can destroy the internal structure of the cell. The resonance-based systems are brand new things in medical work. 

The high-pressure microfluid injector uses nano-size pumps like DNA molecules that transport blood plasma through the robot as the Archimedes' screw can inject a microfluid shower into the targeted cell. That shower can cut its protein shell open. 

If the robot can make microfluidics, it can inject those materials into the materials that wanted to remove. Microfluidics means the fluid that the system injects through a thin tube that has a micro-size diameter. 

The nanorobots can turn fluids, like water around them into microfluidics simply by pumping that fluid through them. That means the system can clean surfaces. But it also can remove things like cancer cells and tumors. In that system nanorobot just injects blood plasma into the targeted cells. 

https://www.elveflow.com/microfluidic-reviews/general-microfluidics/a-general-overview-of-microfluidics/

https://scitechdaily.com/combining-robotics-and-microfluidics-a-precision-arm-for-miniature-robots/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfluidics

When AI makes mistakes, people must think about how to fix those errors.

 When AI makes mistakes, people must think about how to fix those errors.

We all hear stories about things, like cases, where the AI thinks that things like commercials are traffic signs like speed limit signs. Then that AI decides to make the maneuver where it increases its speed. There are a couple of easy things like using the GPS where the maximum allowed speed is put in the system. That thing makes it possible to avoid those errors. And another way to make AI-based driving systems safer is to use interactive traffic signs. In that model, the traffic sign will equip with a system that allows it to tell what it is to cars. 

The system can base the secondary radar respondent technology. Those kinds of systems can be optical or (and) radio-based. The AI aims the laser ray or radio wave at a thing that it suspects is a traffic sign. When the AI sees traffic signs it aims thin radio signals to the traffic sign. And then the radio or optical system in that traffic sign answers the AI what it is. 

In the optical system, the traffic sign sends laser rays to the camera that the AI uses. Then the AI will not make mistakes with those kinds of systems. The interactive traffic marks will not be expensive. The simpler model is that the traffic signs are equipped with QR codes that are visible in UV or IR frequencies. That thing makes AI-driven systems safer. 

Interactive AI-based technology is complicated. That means the system needs very well test and development work so that it works as it should. The thing is that when people are starting to use AI or autopilot-driven cars they must read instructions. The AI doesn't mean that the driver can read newspapers and sleep while the car is moving. 

Scientists discovered that our solar system may have had water before the sun and planets formed.

Scientists discovered that our solar system may have had water before the sun and planets formed.

"Using ALMA, astronomers have detected the chemical signature of gaseous water in the planet-forming disc V883 Orionis. This acts as a timestamp for the water’s formation, allowing us to trace its journey. Credit: ESO"(ScitechDaily.com/Astonishing Discovery Reveals Water in Our Solar System May Have Originated Billions of Years Before the Sun)

In the beginning, the supernova connection in the forming of water...

When a supernova explosion happens, that thing makes a very powerful shockwave through the universe. If that shockwave impacts the interstellar cloud formed of hydrogen and oxygen. The shockwave may push hydrogen and oxygen together. 

That thing makes it possible. Hydrogen and oxygen can form water molecules when supernovas' shockwave impacts hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The impact must be gentle enough. That hydrogen will not make a fusion with oxygen. The universe is full of molecular clouds where is hydrogen and oxygen. 

The supernova detonations can turn part of those clouds into water. But there are many other visions about the origin of water in the universe. And maybe, that origin is one of the many ways how is water forms in the universe. Maybe the water's origin on all planets is individual. And that means there is no universal model of how planets get their water layer. Things like volcanic activity in very cold worlds can explain part of their water ice layers. But water layers on very small planets are always a mystery. 

There is forming water in the universe. The protostar V883 Orionis or V883 Ori has a high enough temperature that the water in its circumstellar disk turned to gas. That thing means that the water can be older than the solar system. And in some very interesting hypothesis, the water can synthesize in the atmosphere of the protostar. 

"V883 Ori is a unique protostar whose temperature is just hot enough that the water in its circumstellar disk has turned to gas, making it possible for radio astronomers to trace the water’s origins. New observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have provided the first confirmation that the water in our Solar System may come from the same place as the water in disks surrounding protostars elsewhere in the Universe: the interstellar medium. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF)" (ScitechDaily.com/Astonishing Discovery Reveals Water in Our Solar System May Have Originated Billions of Years Before the Sun)

"V883 Ori is a remarkable protostar that boasts a temperature that is just hot enough for converting water in its circumstellar disk into gas. This gas can be studied by radio astronomers to trace the origins of the water. Recently, ALMA observations have verified that the water in our own Solar System may have the same source as the water found in disks surrounding protostars in other parts of the Universe – the interstellar medium. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF)" (ScitechDaily.com/Astonishing Discovery Reveals Water in Our Solar System May Have Originated Billions of Years Before the Sun)

Which nuclear reactions do not yet begin? That thing requires that there is oxygen and hydrogen in that molecular glimpse. If the protostar turns too hot. Water will turn back to hydrogen and oxygen because of very high radiation levels. The fact is that water must from somewhere. And when we are looking at many hypotheses about the origin of the water. 

We are facing one very interesting thing. The place where water forms must have so low temperature that burning can happen. And in that system where water molecules are forming must be hydrogen and oxygen. So the molecular cloud where the water molecule is forming must be a remnant of the star where the fusion reaction formed oxygen. 

If the temperature of the place where oxygen and hydrogen are is too hot. Or its radiation level is too high, which means water cannot form because hydrogen and oxygen cannot react. There is the possibility that brown dwarfs are playing some kind of role in the water's origin. 

Those late-M spectral class stars can have the right conditions that water can form in their high atmosphere. And maybe some planet gets their water layer when they get close to their star. And if there is hydrogen and oxygen in its atmosphere the temperature of the star can start a chemical reaction where hydrogen connects to oxygen. 

https://scitechdaily.com/astonishing-discovery-reveals-water-in-our-solar-system-may-have-originated-billions-of-years-before-the-sun/